Causal Effects and Experiments

GVPT399F: Power, Politics, and Data

Causes and effects

Our goal is to better understand what factors lead to certain outcomes of interest.

  • Does increasing the number of voting booths close to a potential voter make that person more likely to vote?

  • Do peace treaties signed with factionalized rebel groups more often lead to a return to conflict than those signed with a single, cohesive group?

  • Does trade between two countries make war between them less likely?

Causes and effects

These are causal statements:

  • More local voting booths \(\rightarrow\) More likely to vote

  • More factionalization \(\rightarrow\) More likely to restart conflict

  • Trade \(\rightarrow\) Less likely to go to war

How to identify causes and their effects

Proving that changes to one factor cause changes to another is very tricky!

  • Need to account for all the other factors

The efficacy of international election monitors

Do international monitors cause less election-day fraud in democratic elections?

  • Number of elections monitored by international observers exploded throughout the 2000s

  • But do monitors increase the chances the election will be free and fair?

  • In other words, are they effective?

The efficacy of international election monitors

Dr Susan Hyde set out to answer this very question. From her article (page 39):

If the presence of international observers causes a reduction in election-day fraud, the effect of observers should be visible at the subnational level by comparing polling stations that were visited by observers with those that were not visited. More specifically, if international monitoring reduces electionday fraud directly, all else held equal, the cheating parties should gain less of their ill-gotten vote share in polling stations that were visited by international monitors.

Causal relationships

Refers to the directional connection between a change in one variable and a corresponding change in another.

  • The direction matters!

  • Treatment variable: the variable causing changes to another variable.

  • Outcome variable: the variable changing as a result of changes to another variable (the treatment).

Treatment and outcome variables

We want to test whether the presence of international monitors (treatment) leads to less election day fraud (outcome).

International election monitors present at polling stations \(\rightarrow\) Less election-day fraud at that station

Treatment variable

At any given polling station in any given election, monitors may be: 1) present, or 2) not present.

Two different conditions:

  • Treatment: condition with treatment (monitors are present)

  • Control: condition without treatment (monitors are not present)

Outcome variable

At any given polling station in any given election, fraud may: 1) occur, or 2) not occur.

Observing our outcome

Sometimes it can be hard to observe our outcome of interest.

  • How might we see all election-day fraud?

  • How might we measure it?

Observing our outcome

Hyde’s answer: vote-share!

International election monitors present at polling stations \(\rightarrow\) Less election-day fraud at that station \(\rightarrow\) Lower vote-share for the cheating party

Individual causal effects

We want to know whether the treatment causes a change in our outcome of interest.

What might this look like in the real world?

  • Imagine we are looking at a specific election

  • Five polling stations

Parallel worlds

Hypothetical election

ID Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote %
1 55.18 68.93
2 52.66 82.56
3 65.99 84.76
4 53.00 95.52
5 61.56 91.96

Individual effects

The only difference between these two conditions is the presence of international monitors!

  • The difference between vote shares under these conditions is caused by the monitors.

Individual effects

ID Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote % Difference (%)
1 55.18 68.93 -13.75
2 52.66 82.56 -29.90
3 65.99 84.76 -18.77
4 53.00 95.52 -42.52
5 61.56 91.96 -30.40

No parallel worlds

Sadly for us, we cannot create parallel worlds…

What now?

ID Monitored Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote % Difference
1 0 NA 68.93 NA
2 0 NA 82.56 NA
3 1 65.99 NA NA
4 1 53.00 NA NA
5 1 61.56 NA NA

Average causal effects

We need to move away from looking at individuals and start to look for patterns in our group.

Back to our parallel worlds

ID Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote % Difference
1 55.18 68.93 -13.75
2 52.66 82.56 -29.90
3 65.99 84.76 -18.77
4 53.00 95.52 -42.52
5 61.56 91.96 -30.40

Difference of averages across all individuals

What was the average vote share received in each world?

Avg. monitored vote % Avg. non-monitored vote % Difference
57.68 84.75 -27.07

Back to reality

ID Monitored Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote % Difference
1 0 NA 68.93 NA
2 0 NA 82.56 NA
3 1 65.99 NA NA
4 1 53.00 NA NA
5 1 61.56 NA NA

Difference-of-means

What was the average vote share received in each group?

Avg. monitored vote % Avg. non-monitored vote % Difference
60.18 75.75 -15.56

How on Earth does this work so well?

Randomization!

  • Monitors were assigned to polling stations randomly (for example, with the flip of a coin)

  • This created two groups of stations that were roughly identical on average to one another prior to treatment

  • This mimics what happens when we split our world into two (creating two literally identical groups)

Our goal

We want two groups that are completely identical to one another prior to treatment.

  • This allows us to compare their outcomes after treatment and claim that the treatment caused differences in those outcomes (if any differences exist)

Our goal

Next best thing

Instead, we should try to make two groups that are as similar as possible to each other prior to treatment.

The magic of randomization

Perfectly random assignment does this very well!

Don’t take my word for it

Imagine we have a group of 1,000 individuals. We know the following about them:

  • Height

  • Weight

  • Eye colour

Our group

ID Height Weight Eye colour
1 173.35 77.01 Blue
2 175.34 52.30 Grey
3 172.40 81.47 Green
4 170.02 69.90 Blue
5 189.08 69.58 Blue
6 164.27 82.22 Green
7 170.78 56.93 Grey
8 177.64 76.88 Brown
9 167.13 83.30 Brown
10 165.77 86.44 Green
11 166.38 69.04 Brown
12 168.44 80.70 Grey
13 163.05 83.26 Blue
14 165.01 86.05 Brown
15 170.67 68.09 Blue
16 168.74 75.98 Blue
17 174.46 64.79 Grey
18 169.00 92.95 Green
19 178.50 76.45 Green
20 171.09 73.58 Grey
21 170.95 66.18 Green
22 175.42 62.90 Grey
23 176.38 58.61 Brown
24 172.67 56.58 Brown
25 180.68 102.15 Brown
26 178.13 69.34 Grey
27 160.04 65.43 Blue
28 173.52 90.46 Blue
29 167.90 79.13 Brown
30 169.40 94.91 Green
31 166.88 68.66 Grey
32 163.79 86.75 Blue
33 178.21 73.71 Grey
34 162.95 69.06 Green
35 174.07 78.31 Grey
36 176.01 82.04 Brown
37 175.72 70.89 Grey
38 167.90 90.09 Grey
39 167.66 71.47 Grey
40 164.71 67.48 Grey
41 159.50 83.19 Grey
42 158.35 76.02 Brown
43 175.28 58.94 Grey
44 174.64 81.07 Grey
45 170.40 67.91 Grey
46 174.77 81.49 Grey
47 179.03 68.60 Grey
48 174.50 68.70 Brown
49 169.35 94.46 Green
50 174.04 54.65 Blue
51 176.55 85.74 Grey
52 170.61 70.94 Green
53 175.94 77.28 Grey
54 168.77 75.16 Green
55 182.14 86.66 Brown
56 172.41 94.21 Blue
57 162.98 79.66 Grey
58 168.72 71.13 Green
59 170.05 64.38 Green
60 166.56 88.25 Brown
61 166.16 80.57 Brown
62 177.68 76.54 Green
63 164.76 79.97 Brown
64 175.01 87.63 Brown
65 174.08 89.61 Brown
66 171.50 87.94 Blue
67 162.60 75.12 Brown
68 182.79 90.00 Green
69 163.18 63.87 Green
70 165.54 64.08 Grey
71 160.61 80.47 Grey
72 170.46 94.72 Brown
73 158.61 75.87 Blue
74 176.87 83.04 Grey
75 169.47 70.62 Green
76 177.40 87.45 Blue
77 178.53 76.94 Brown
78 170.85 71.27 Blue
79 153.19 84.38 Blue
80 180.19 81.86 Brown
81 164.57 81.92 Grey
82 164.08 92.93 Green
83 168.62 86.70 Blue
84 177.59 80.07 Grey
85 169.56 72.54 Blue
86 180.40 76.41 Brown
87 167.19 82.59 Grey
88 161.45 69.64 Grey
89 174.18 77.20 Green
90 174.24 81.19 Green
91 170.68 69.99 Blue
92 163.99 99.86 Brown
93 175.59 86.95 Grey
94 171.71 62.54 Grey
95 174.68 88.21 Green
96 160.09 86.76 Blue
97 174.01 94.77 Blue
98 162.27 74.46 Brown
99 173.69 91.30 Brown
100 164.22 77.15 Grey
101 160.94 94.76 Grey
102 168.33 63.27 Brown
103 173.04 85.27 Blue
104 177.15 91.02 Blue
105 163.99 94.45 Green
106 174.01 78.82 Grey
107 165.87 75.33 Brown
108 167.19 74.16 Blue
109 176.20 75.66 Blue
110 182.82 86.11 Brown
111 171.17 89.65 Blue
112 171.89 84.79 Blue
113 171.96 77.26 Brown
114 168.27 71.86 Blue
115 169.76 73.17 Green
116 156.57 69.24 Grey
117 169.03 91.46 Grey
118 177.01 67.93 Green
119 158.63 85.91 Blue
120 171.16 80.52 Brown
121 168.90 74.65 Green
122 177.21 71.53 Grey
123 176.64 89.75 Green
124 175.30 63.31 Grey
125 175.79 68.91 Brown
126 171.28 80.33 Blue
127 162.35 85.75 Green
128 173.93 78.03 Brown
129 171.98 81.49 Grey
130 174.43 72.05 Brown
131 166.79 83.49 Grey
132 173.85 86.46 Grey
133 171.32 89.85 Grey
134 172.81 81.54 Grey
135 169.76 78.40 Green
136 163.01 74.60 Grey
137 176.27 90.75 Blue
138 162.86 72.39 Blue
139 167.15 75.12 Brown
140 172.44 91.54 Brown
141 169.66 68.08 Blue
142 179.69 73.66 Green
143 164.76 90.20 Brown
144 161.47 80.32 Green
145 172.83 68.83 Green
146 166.76 79.56 Green
147 171.63 82.25 Grey
148 157.77 95.62 Green
149 176.05 79.89 Green
150 170.40 80.75 Grey
151 161.43 82.46 Green
152 165.52 82.25 Grey
153 165.41 74.90 Blue
154 163.83 78.25 Green
155 163.90 91.05 Blue
156 176.81 87.54 Grey
157 174.48 99.42 Grey
158 187.65 73.26 Grey
159 172.34 84.86 Blue
160 164.96 88.05 Grey
161 159.06 87.90 Blue
162 168.57 85.65 Blue
163 162.22 79.45 Green
164 166.33 90.42 Brown
165 173.32 96.64 Blue
166 168.49 75.91 Brown
167 178.25 77.81 Grey
168 176.04 85.17 Blue
169 175.93 81.17 Green
170 165.96 63.65 Blue
171 168.09 78.60 Brown
172 166.97 73.07 Blue
173 164.88 92.25 Blue
174 172.71 81.24 Green
175 160.00 89.41 Blue
176 172.18 66.41 Green
177 164.91 76.25 Blue
178 166.16 75.58 Blue
179 170.60 81.14 Brown
180 170.97 76.57 Green
181 170.45 78.78 Green
182 166.43 81.90 Grey
183 174.18 73.48 Brown
184 170.62 57.67 Blue
185 178.30 82.47 Green
186 162.66 72.09 Grey
187 179.18 89.81 Green
188 168.47 103.09 Brown
189 165.64 60.86 Brown
190 175.33 75.50 Green
191 173.30 59.17 Grey
192 178.94 67.88 Grey
193 168.86 91.28 Green
194 167.49 68.77 Grey
195 171.53 71.50 Grey
196 171.61 85.48 Brown
197 163.75 88.77 Brown
198 180.55 85.39 Grey
199 167.65 74.86 Green
200 177.90 86.55 Brown
201 169.04 80.22 Grey
202 168.24 80.04 Grey
203 173.07 87.79 Grey
204 161.03 81.06 Blue
205 171.52 102.60 Grey
206 159.59 71.81 Green
207 166.83 79.30 Green
208 170.54 87.85 Blue
209 177.38 63.86 Grey
210 179.47 71.00 Grey
211 168.92 77.44 Grey
212 173.61 75.08 Grey
213 173.58 71.40 Grey
214 171.27 76.81 Brown
215 170.79 87.85 Green
216 172.04 58.93 Green
217 168.94 89.01 Green
218 155.52 80.26 Brown
219 161.86 96.45 Green
220 163.77 73.56 Grey
221 168.24 72.14 Green
222 169.64 79.53 Brown
223 169.27 67.97 Green
224 167.20 62.18 Grey
225 167.53 60.20 Grey
226 173.14 82.00 Grey
227 174.05 78.72 Brown
228 165.43 73.07 Grey
229 158.30 74.82 Green
230 162.56 81.30 Grey
231 177.18 89.64 Grey
232 190.20 68.09 Blue
233 175.75 101.58 Grey
234 169.81 67.63 Brown
235 178.43 78.32 Green
236 168.27 83.12 Blue
237 168.11 70.36 Grey
238 170.21 83.46 Grey
239 163.86 84.99 Grey
240 164.40 75.19 Brown
241 158.44 65.78 Green
242 178.75 83.52 Green
243 174.65 72.11 Blue
244 162.95 52.65 Blue
245 173.56 62.64 Blue
246 154.45 71.65 Grey
247 162.24 92.99 Grey
248 166.47 67.08 Brown
249 175.27 72.80 Green
250 167.06 88.85 Blue
251 161.96 99.92 Grey
252 167.89 83.50 Grey
253 172.70 67.27 Brown
254 164.10 78.27 Green
255 173.55 80.40 Blue
256 181.93 69.12 Blue
257 176.69 68.08 Grey
258 169.35 79.15 Brown
259 168.77 52.14 Blue
260 161.51 71.16 Brown
261 162.66 77.14 Blue
262 166.68 68.05 Blue
263 164.70 84.09 Blue
264 176.08 65.48 Brown
265 163.59 84.56 Blue
266 174.85 62.39 Grey
267 171.16 79.31 Grey
268 173.71 70.51 Grey
269 169.24 93.23 Grey
270 170.80 86.87 Blue
271 172.57 80.45 Brown
272 171.45 96.04 Green
273 165.87 83.86 Grey
274 169.31 67.98 Green
275 173.35 85.06 Grey
276 166.93 80.79 Grey
277 167.12 80.40 Blue
278 160.73 92.84 Blue
279 160.51 71.74 Blue
280 167.95 68.55 Green
281 174.44 77.81 Green
282 185.43 78.62 Grey
283 178.99 87.52 Grey
284 171.14 69.17 Brown
285 169.95 74.77 Blue
286 165.93 97.51 Brown
287 164.78 71.26 Blue
288 172.71 79.46 Brown
289 166.46 80.93 Green
290 167.06 59.29 Brown
291 180.15 69.41 Green
292 161.89 86.82 Blue
293 165.97 64.01 Green
294 177.22 81.59 Green
295 172.22 89.08 Green
296 174.41 83.73 Green
297 171.32 75.94 Grey
298 168.58 95.99 Blue
299 168.35 102.24 Blue
300 172.44 93.66 Grey
301 171.90 101.52 Grey
302 173.94 57.05 Brown
303 169.30 90.11 Blue
304 175.75 89.09 Grey
305 168.34 67.82 Green
306 175.22 87.60 Green
307 173.17 86.96 Green
308 167.83 92.65 Green
309 169.23 77.10 Brown
310 169.45 69.14 Blue
311 172.41 70.79 Grey
312 169.34 75.39 Green
313 170.51 77.57 Green
314 169.85 84.47 Grey
315 164.22 83.64 Blue
316 168.79 84.58 Blue
317 175.67 83.20 Blue
318 168.81 94.90 Green
319 163.54 94.35 Brown
320 157.68 82.02 Green
321 171.73 82.93 Blue
322 177.45 96.43 Grey
323 174.37 74.79 Brown
324 176.25 92.30 Green
325 169.83 88.24 Green
326 177.61 90.34 Blue
327 171.27 70.29 Green
328 164.63 67.27 Green
329 163.26 84.91 Blue
330 163.47 95.91 Blue
331 162.50 93.28 Grey
332 168.77 82.28 Green
333 163.22 61.89 Grey
334 170.36 78.59 Green
335 178.94 82.13 Brown
336 173.85 87.32 Brown
337 172.67 68.03 Grey
338 181.34 98.08 Brown
339 172.17 95.71 Brown
340 161.30 77.66 Blue
341 166.72 77.10 Grey
342 168.40 89.01 Brown
343 166.33 77.29 Brown
344 168.10 74.85 Green
345 167.94 63.59 Blue
346 164.96 95.29 Green
347 176.08 90.67 Blue
348 171.05 79.64 Green
349 174.73 80.49 Brown
350 169.36 75.78 Green
351 167.09 91.66 Blue
352 171.43 80.98 Grey
353 180.54 77.34 Blue
354 169.73 80.52 Grey
355 170.13 60.28 Brown
356 164.41 77.07 Brown
357 181.63 70.42 Grey
358 171.01 78.93 Brown
359 159.87 60.12 Green
360 170.33 82.48 Blue
361 171.38 66.65 Brown
362 176.16 97.28 Green
363 181.86 73.32 Grey
364 158.87 86.80 Green
365 173.21 64.66 Blue
366 169.94 92.76 Grey
367 165.51 82.99 Brown
368 176.39 72.83 Grey
369 165.44 82.35 Blue
370 165.64 80.23 Blue
371 179.46 86.26 Grey
372 176.98 84.71 Brown
373 177.37 78.86 Green
374 166.20 82.08 Green
375 166.89 81.14 Blue
376 171.40 94.34 Grey
377 172.23 63.25 Blue
378 170.20 72.66 Blue
379 172.32 75.16 Green
380 167.63 82.09 Brown
381 171.71 79.18 Blue
382 176.81 88.51 Grey
383 163.41 77.13 Blue
384 174.16 81.63 Blue
385 164.22 93.99 Brown
386 171.46 82.80 Brown
387 168.76 67.32 Green
388 168.55 83.22 Green
389 170.67 99.20 Green
390 176.33 72.86 Brown
391 159.50 91.51 Green
392 177.51 81.92 Brown
393 162.89 76.34 Green
394 162.99 82.83 Grey
395 153.33 72.68 Grey
396 168.35 74.56 Brown
397 172.07 77.80 Brown
398 178.05 72.54 Blue
399 176.66 75.85 Grey
400 168.67 80.46 Grey
401 166.32 66.98 Blue
402 170.26 71.63 Brown
403 171.85 80.27 Green
404 151.76 71.07 Brown
405 169.33 77.91 Grey
406 165.26 72.61 Green
407 175.52 79.20 Brown
408 167.33 84.51 Blue
409 168.94 89.94 Brown
410 177.08 76.07 Blue
411 169.78 80.82 Blue
412 174.23 79.18 Blue
413 163.65 78.22 Blue
414 178.26 85.89 Green
415 178.25 86.53 Green
416 173.39 85.66 Grey
417 169.14 99.80 Green
418 182.62 59.17 Brown
419 167.02 79.36 Grey
420 169.85 83.21 Brown
421 174.24 84.30 Brown
422 178.08 85.59 Green
423 160.53 70.78 Blue
424 171.25 64.33 Green
425 162.35 66.34 Green
426 173.36 67.51 Brown
427 165.22 88.61 Grey
428 165.75 90.86 Brown
429 165.32 80.17 Green
430 166.49 69.07 Grey
431 172.41 74.93 Brown
432 179.63 70.63 Green
433 172.57 99.53 Blue
434 172.54 80.51 Brown
435 167.00 66.58 Blue
436 157.55 77.12 Grey
437 182.14 74.90 Brown
438 171.05 91.34 Green
439 163.28 83.08 Green
440 168.77 93.38 Blue
441 176.33 73.00 Grey
442 166.62 68.09 Brown
443 169.20 63.11 Brown
444 169.43 72.71 Blue
445 167.40 75.62 Green
446 170.11 80.13 Grey
447 168.66 97.11 Grey
448 172.55 91.45 Blue
449 175.50 83.18 Green
450 166.88 69.41 Grey
451 168.65 83.42 Blue
452 166.08 72.22 Blue
453 166.80 83.58 Blue
454 169.03 85.83 Grey
455 174.44 82.24 Grey
456 163.41 76.91 Blue
457 179.78 90.61 Brown
458 170.18 81.27 Grey
459 165.39 66.99 Green
460 172.06 76.28 Grey
461 171.02 81.84 Brown
462 167.01 80.56 Grey
463 178.73 82.07 Green
464 176.97 82.93 Brown
465 175.38 74.30 Blue
466 166.05 97.44 Green
467 166.78 91.20 Green
468 179.81 70.39 Green
469 164.95 84.43 Blue
470 170.78 88.91 Blue
471 176.12 79.34 Brown
472 161.98 89.34 Brown
473 176.12 88.48 Green
474 175.64 65.77 Blue
475 167.67 81.86 Brown
476 172.05 75.77 Grey
477 178.22 66.91 Brown
478 169.76 74.56 Blue
479 166.64 88.74 Green
480 169.57 77.87 Grey
481 172.33 62.60 Green
482 170.93 85.84 Blue
483 165.86 81.18 Blue
484 170.29 86.35 Grey
485 171.09 88.84 Blue
486 170.15 79.59 Blue
487 173.26 98.11 Grey
488 171.03 84.33 Blue
489 170.88 95.12 Grey
490 175.04 71.46 Grey
491 172.37 100.14 Green
492 176.64 113.96 Grey
493 166.27 76.91 Grey
494 164.84 86.93 Blue
495 172.52 65.20 Brown
496 165.00 70.74 Brown
497 171.97 77.12 Green
498 164.18 67.70 Green
499 163.87 69.75 Brown
500 169.61 75.93 Grey
501 175.82 78.32 Brown
502 176.08 64.53 Grey
503 158.58 80.56 Brown
504 160.27 99.20 Grey
505 163.10 76.91 Green
506 173.07 95.64 Green
507 184.01 78.66 Green
508 175.75 73.39 Green
509 171.29 74.62 Grey
510 176.13 94.95 Blue
511 175.55 86.42 Grey
512 182.32 86.44 Grey
513 163.22 72.49 Green
514 159.97 92.71 Brown
515 174.96 92.73 Blue
516 164.52 100.64 Brown
517 171.97 85.99 Blue
518 176.46 85.69 Brown
519 167.40 92.27 Grey
520 162.90 65.01 Blue
521 175.36 81.14 Brown
522 176.39 54.81 Green
523 174.91 89.87 Grey
524 172.03 71.10 Green
525 175.36 75.77 Brown
526 177.25 82.26 Blue
527 173.27 91.86 Brown
528 167.15 90.25 Grey
529 163.15 70.72 Brown
530 163.53 67.09 Blue
531 169.39 64.40 Brown
532 175.16 79.39 Green
533 172.94 79.65 Green
534 166.91 75.31 Grey
535 175.27 84.77 Blue
536 164.35 75.22 Green
537 171.14 88.58 Blue
538 168.76 77.54 Grey
539 165.83 78.83 Blue
540 179.80 80.74 Grey
541 166.07 86.05 Green
542 183.59 76.60 Green
543 176.82 86.39 Green
544 153.65 68.49 Blue
545 170.37 90.24 Green
546 170.96 51.29 Blue
547 161.97 59.25 Grey
548 169.60 66.91 Brown
549 168.06 70.12 Brown
550 164.01 70.74 Green
551 169.65 56.09 Green
552 169.95 81.49 Grey
553 158.13 75.33 Grey
554 180.03 64.34 Green
555 171.76 100.60 Blue
556 189.49 84.62 Grey
557 163.82 88.99 Grey
558 179.85 79.27 Grey
559 169.99 75.83 Green
560 170.35 89.31 Brown
561 187.95 81.44 Blue
562 169.68 71.82 Grey
563 179.69 74.65 Blue
564 160.47 96.04 Green
565 178.48 77.23 Grey
566 168.84 90.31 Grey
567 174.33 73.81 Green
568 164.57 73.85 Blue
569 166.22 82.89 Blue
570 173.20 81.92 Blue
571 175.69 84.20 Grey
572 166.40 66.36 Grey
573 165.72 81.88 Brown
574 165.02 84.24 Brown
575 171.38 80.21 Brown
576 170.46 91.53 Green
577 173.85 96.31 Blue
578 163.30 91.42 Grey
579 179.39 65.86 Brown
580 167.47 69.83 Blue
581 174.67 85.67 Green
582 166.54 65.50 Grey
583 173.71 78.32 Brown
584 173.52 83.12 Grey
585 163.56 87.75 Grey
586 180.96 85.50 Grey
587 169.09 94.00 Blue
588 173.49 78.87 Brown
589 175.35 101.06 Green
590 166.35 73.80 Grey
591 176.97 87.04 Green
592 174.63 61.41 Brown
593 174.43 71.80 Blue
594 156.87 77.99 Green
595 175.70 67.58 Brown
596 169.83 62.74 Blue
597 155.87 80.90 Blue
598 172.07 88.99 Green
599 166.88 77.56 Green
600 162.23 71.36 Grey
601 177.56 86.54 Brown
602 170.56 61.68 Blue
603 170.58 84.30 Grey
604 169.56 84.61 Green
605 166.07 88.15 Green
606 168.59 78.22 Green
607 165.63 94.37 Grey
608 158.54 68.92 Grey
609 174.59 81.26 Green
610 165.18 91.39 Blue
611 176.49 74.01 Brown
612 178.89 74.60 Grey
613 173.18 74.53 Grey
614 167.31 73.63 Grey
615 173.07 74.41 Grey
616 171.23 77.46 Grey
617 168.74 67.35 Grey
618 170.79 66.81 Blue
619 166.34 77.31 Blue
620 178.42 84.75 Green
621 171.38 78.07 Blue
622 174.16 79.57 Blue
623 173.58 80.08 Brown
624 176.27 94.78 Brown
625 161.21 76.73 Brown
626 173.24 74.21 Green
627 162.34 87.89 Grey
628 160.72 88.87 Green
629 175.99 70.68 Green
630 163.18 101.66 Green
631 167.70 74.81 Brown
632 172.98 82.93 Blue
633 166.72 80.47 Blue
634 158.15 64.72 Blue
635 183.75 59.33 Brown
636 161.98 58.79 Blue
637 165.16 84.73 Blue
638 187.60 73.98 Blue
639 163.11 69.79 Green
640 172.60 84.88 Grey
641 166.86 74.72 Grey
642 170.51 76.77 Brown
643 151.72 86.36 Brown
644 169.66 94.47 Green
645 174.11 73.70 Blue
646 177.75 74.09 Blue
647 173.01 80.91 Green
648 180.57 86.05 Green
649 159.90 76.85 Blue
650 170.20 71.26 Green
651 175.45 75.29 Grey
652 161.57 94.96 Brown
653 166.26 63.92 Brown
654 179.89 75.50 Green
655 167.11 77.29 Grey
656 163.92 69.54 Green
657 171.65 57.38 Grey
658 172.52 78.49 Green
659 173.07 82.81 Brown
660 165.42 89.51 Green
661 169.40 105.23 Grey
662 167.17 75.99 Blue
663 164.31 92.20 Green
664 174.15 78.21 Brown
665 181.92 96.03 Green
666 159.86 80.66 Grey
667 167.13 78.66 Grey
668 153.84 92.50 Green
669 167.10 78.82 Blue
670 175.31 69.21 Green
671 171.96 94.11 Brown
672 168.00 76.98 Grey
673 167.54 88.79 Grey
674 165.18 103.69 Grey
675 175.48 73.75 Brown
676 168.22 68.95 Blue
677 172.82 87.97 Blue
678 169.67 89.99 Grey
679 165.50 93.87 Grey
680 174.14 80.55 Grey
681 169.91 70.76 Blue
682 175.52 62.63 Green
683 164.57 67.60 Green
684 174.33 83.79 Blue
685 160.89 96.05 Green
686 173.89 75.34 Brown
687 175.82 78.99 Grey
688 176.49 74.76 Brown
689 183.04 85.69 Brown
690 180.03 83.62 Green
691 170.25 77.99 Green
692 170.11 74.23 Grey
693 178.06 74.06 Green
694 174.25 68.79 Grey
695 163.72 84.93 Brown
696 164.36 73.51 Green
697 169.62 67.79 Brown
698 173.63 72.01 Brown
699 172.20 93.53 Blue
700 181.98 89.70 Brown
701 175.26 69.67 Blue
702 171.87 75.92 Blue
703 177.85 73.85 Brown
704 163.87 79.35 Grey
705 170.66 80.86 Grey
706 177.77 93.15 Green
707 172.21 89.41 Brown
708 173.56 76.63 Blue
709 170.65 78.95 Blue
710 169.97 73.33 Grey
711 170.69 78.18 Grey
712 167.51 97.51 Brown
713 174.50 101.39 Green
714 160.37 80.24 Green
715 168.37 84.23 Brown
716 160.36 74.19 Blue
717 171.28 81.92 Blue
718 174.30 80.46 Grey
719 175.04 71.87 Green
720 167.40 83.02 Blue
721 163.99 83.86 Brown
722 178.41 85.99 Grey
723 166.53 82.59 Blue
724 163.77 55.75 Green
725 172.16 59.16 Grey
726 162.40 82.71 Blue
727 164.19 96.76 Green
728 175.51 78.11 Grey
729 169.43 82.33 Blue
730 164.38 75.48 Green
731 165.42 64.32 Grey
732 174.84 69.61 Grey
733 174.62 75.45 Blue
734 173.52 74.29 Blue
735 157.99 60.71 Grey
736 175.14 80.33 Grey
737 177.60 84.51 Brown
738 178.46 83.77 Grey
739 162.29 95.24 Green
740 153.11 77.48 Grey
741 171.04 73.47 Grey
742 171.97 85.95 Grey
743 170.58 62.52 Green
744 171.17 87.87 Blue
745 177.17 83.25 Brown
746 181.80 91.15 Grey
747 167.36 80.25 Grey
748 173.25 76.39 Grey
749 174.43 87.59 Grey
750 167.05 75.34 Green
751 171.45 87.60 Brown
752 173.94 83.09 Green
753 170.97 83.37 Grey
754 175.10 67.24 Green
755 179.38 104.92 Green
756 177.01 68.02 Grey
757 170.32 78.85 Grey
758 159.39 84.16 Blue
759 167.93 78.48 Green
760 162.40 95.17 Grey
761 175.10 73.96 Grey
762 163.71 63.49 Green
763 176.47 80.73 Grey
764 167.26 84.24 Blue
765 174.58 80.57 Blue
766 174.39 61.00 Green
767 166.91 54.62 Green
768 175.41 92.91 Brown
769 169.54 81.31 Blue
770 175.35 92.47 Green
771 174.85 87.65 Grey
772 172.81 88.92 Brown
773 179.29 60.55 Grey
774 166.44 82.54 Brown
775 165.05 64.80 Blue
776 171.26 94.07 Green
777 177.32 69.47 Grey
778 157.29 74.51 Blue
779 159.14 83.52 Green
780 154.41 79.42 Grey
781 156.98 98.62 Grey
782 167.69 79.36 Green
783 180.33 67.69 Blue
784 168.11 70.81 Blue
785 159.02 98.79 Grey
786 175.47 84.90 Grey
787 169.41 85.68 Grey
788 162.29 92.28 Green
789 167.28 85.81 Blue
790 172.76 72.99 Green
791 173.45 93.14 Green
792 168.46 74.74 Brown
793 149.78 84.24 Blue
794 181.20 92.30 Green
795 171.62 84.55 Green
796 170.89 86.27 Brown
797 168.26 80.32 Grey
798 169.99 72.28 Grey
799 168.63 108.15 Brown
800 168.60 78.74 Blue
801 170.42 76.48 Brown
802 165.20 71.15 Green
803 171.82 81.28 Brown
804 165.29 93.53 Green
805 162.78 64.72 Green
806 172.40 75.66 Brown
807 165.69 77.81 Grey
808 169.81 81.95 Brown
809 177.13 74.55 Blue
810 167.44 77.71 Grey
811 167.03 94.49 Green
812 170.42 99.93 Grey
813 163.91 76.48 Brown
814 158.01 79.48 Brown
815 173.04 76.78 Brown
816 158.77 89.53 Green
817 170.01 85.55 Blue
818 168.31 85.75 Green
819 166.09 61.67 Blue
820 167.12 70.17 Brown
821 174.70 83.25 Blue
822 165.59 68.09 Brown
823 159.72 79.48 Grey
824 184.79 79.40 Grey
825 159.86 85.62 Brown
826 168.67 73.39 Grey
827 171.72 82.02 Blue
828 168.42 72.46 Brown
829 170.10 80.43 Green
830 168.60 89.45 Grey
831 163.10 88.86 Blue
832 165.51 78.36 Blue
833 177.32 57.04 Brown
834 168.84 80.49 Grey
835 167.31 75.18 Grey
836 184.65 71.84 Grey
837 184.25 82.67 Green
838 169.58 78.21 Green
839 162.04 84.48 Brown
840 163.50 82.07 Brown
841 173.38 91.09 Brown
842 168.28 75.67 Brown
843 182.87 67.74 Grey
844 172.70 85.16 Grey
845 176.45 74.79 Grey
846 171.52 89.29 Brown
847 155.22 77.01 Brown
848 173.25 68.11 Green
849 162.93 60.49 Blue
850 180.33 77.11 Grey
851 170.46 79.12 Blue
852 159.09 86.89 Grey
853 158.95 69.67 Blue
854 164.98 77.82 Blue
855 172.61 78.40 Brown
856 166.56 83.34 Brown
857 150.38 93.63 Blue
858 164.51 81.11 Blue
859 161.85 90.85 Grey
860 182.07 72.05 Green
861 170.82 67.57 Blue
862 165.36 84.68 Grey
863 175.08 77.79 Green
864 172.86 82.22 Blue
865 160.73 73.31 Blue
866 173.41 58.63 Blue
867 167.39 81.96 Blue
868 163.47 96.23 Brown
869 163.52 50.32 Blue
870 178.52 84.98 Grey
871 180.18 74.66 Brown
872 175.09 80.71 Brown
873 162.27 71.16 Blue
874 168.72 85.44 Grey
875 171.79 72.05 Brown
876 175.89 103.62 Brown
877 167.89 57.36 Green
878 161.33 74.99 Brown
879 168.66 77.00 Grey
880 166.33 69.17 Brown
881 156.55 73.17 Blue
882 182.40 84.92 Grey
883 173.10 79.11 Blue
884 178.99 97.79 Grey
885 179.46 78.83 Brown
886 179.43 79.53 Blue
887 171.05 78.70 Brown
888 176.69 70.78 Blue
889 168.53 67.29 Brown
890 170.50 54.45 Green
891 170.13 70.69 Grey
892 167.63 80.66 Green
893 164.75 78.58 Blue
894 174.95 60.80 Grey
895 170.92 92.74 Brown
896 181.51 88.03 Green
897 174.22 87.25 Brown
898 174.07 90.10 Grey
899 174.78 86.38 Brown
900 163.97 87.68 Grey
901 161.42 72.55 Green
902 172.99 87.27 Grey
903 165.64 83.88 Brown
904 164.43 99.51 Brown
905 165.84 78.24 Brown
906 173.80 71.03 Green
907 170.17 71.09 Grey
908 168.91 68.46 Grey
909 173.09 81.76 Green
910 175.59 82.02 Blue
911 166.07 78.49 Brown
912 177.37 60.77 Blue
913 170.96 86.00 Brown
914 160.81 77.39 Blue
915 170.98 69.43 Blue
916 171.56 60.83 Brown
917 164.64 93.05 Blue
918 172.37 69.29 Grey
919 172.42 79.34 Grey
920 168.79 99.81 Green
921 176.64 73.95 Blue
922 171.41 79.64 Brown
923 181.01 82.14 Grey
924 177.06 62.62 Green
925 160.14 74.37 Grey
926 175.54 71.18 Green
927 168.68 88.03 Grey
928 159.28 87.53 Green
929 171.31 68.43 Blue
930 174.00 77.44 Green
931 167.69 85.48 Grey
932 155.71 76.12 Blue
933 170.24 78.56 Blue
934 175.64 97.65 Brown
935 174.35 93.05 Blue
936 164.82 68.32 Blue
937 167.56 84.10 Brown
938 157.56 76.27 Brown
939 167.43 74.74 Brown
940 165.71 84.85 Grey
941 172.13 87.73 Green
942 172.56 79.45 Green
943 177.62 97.48 Green
944 176.95 70.24 Blue
945 166.26 77.37 Brown
946 172.41 92.43 Brown
947 175.13 60.88 Brown
948 166.48 73.79 Grey
949 155.78 97.35 Grey
950 181.88 76.85 Blue
951 160.19 66.83 Grey
952 177.53 83.32 Grey
953 176.87 58.79 Green
954 179.46 78.32 Green
955 168.12 83.61 Brown
956 159.18 78.39 Blue
957 163.75 89.12 Grey
958 162.71 81.30 Blue
959 161.94 94.69 Blue
960 179.39 76.33 Blue
961 161.33 82.83 Brown
962 170.47 71.46 Green
963 170.03 75.15 Blue
964 174.15 61.44 Grey
965 169.76 67.19 Blue
966 162.45 78.80 Blue
967 167.96 72.14 Grey
968 165.09 75.75 Brown
969 158.46 77.35 Grey
970 171.24 65.95 Green
971 176.20 61.84 Green
972 163.78 82.52 Blue
973 171.58 96.73 Grey
974 166.28 59.48 Brown
975 162.29 66.91 Blue
976 179.78 83.42 Green
977 171.94 93.06 Blue
978 158.52 80.26 Blue
979 159.21 83.43 Brown
980 173.46 75.21 Brown
981 159.41 76.53 Blue
982 170.41 80.99 Grey
983 168.21 68.24 Blue
984 173.28 87.56 Brown
985 174.09 75.76 Green
986 176.29 82.54 Grey
987 169.71 84.99 Green
988 158.96 89.16 Brown
989 174.80 73.49 Green
990 168.38 94.90 Brown
991 169.58 74.63 Brown
992 177.34 80.42 Brown
993 164.21 77.35 Grey
994 164.93 77.58 Brown
995 168.30 85.94 Brown
996 172.54 70.46 Grey
997 172.06 79.95 Blue
998 177.73 100.09 Green
999 173.94 82.95 Green
1000 159.43 82.15 Green

Random assignment

I’m now going to flip (an imaginary, computer-generated) coin for each of these 1,000 individuals to assigned them to group A or B:

ID Height Weight Eye colour Group
1 173.35 77.01 Blue A
2 175.34 52.30 Grey A
3 172.40 81.47 Green A
4 170.02 69.90 Blue B
5 189.08 69.58 Blue A
6 164.27 82.22 Green B
7 170.78 56.93 Grey B
8 177.64 76.88 Brown B
9 167.13 83.30 Brown B
10 165.77 86.44 Green A
11 166.38 69.04 Brown A
12 168.44 80.70 Grey A
13 163.05 83.26 Blue A
14 165.01 86.05 Brown A
15 170.67 68.09 Blue B
16 168.74 75.98 Blue B
17 174.46 64.79 Grey B
18 169.00 92.95 Green A
19 178.50 76.45 Green A
20 171.09 73.58 Grey A
21 170.95 66.18 Green A
22 175.42 62.90 Grey A
23 176.38 58.61 Brown A
24 172.67 56.58 Brown A
25 180.68 102.15 Brown B
26 178.13 69.34 Grey B
27 160.04 65.43 Blue B
28 173.52 90.46 Blue A
29 167.90 79.13 Brown B
30 169.40 94.91 Green A
31 166.88 68.66 Grey B
32 163.79 86.75 Blue B
33 178.21 73.71 Grey B
34 162.95 69.06 Green B
35 174.07 78.31 Grey B
36 176.01 82.04 Brown A
37 175.72 70.89 Grey B
38 167.90 90.09 Grey B
39 167.66 71.47 Grey A
40 164.71 67.48 Grey A
41 159.50 83.19 Grey B
42 158.35 76.02 Brown A
43 175.28 58.94 Grey A
44 174.64 81.07 Grey B
45 170.40 67.91 Grey B
46 174.77 81.49 Grey A
47 179.03 68.60 Grey B
48 174.50 68.70 Brown B
49 169.35 94.46 Green A
50 174.04 54.65 Blue A
51 176.55 85.74 Grey A
52 170.61 70.94 Green A
53 175.94 77.28 Grey B
54 168.77 75.16 Green B
55 182.14 86.66 Brown B
56 172.41 94.21 Blue A
57 162.98 79.66 Grey A
58 168.72 71.13 Green B
59 170.05 64.38 Green A
60 166.56 88.25 Brown B
61 166.16 80.57 Brown B
62 177.68 76.54 Green A
63 164.76 79.97 Brown A
64 175.01 87.63 Brown A
65 174.08 89.61 Brown B
66 171.50 87.94 Blue A
67 162.60 75.12 Brown A
68 182.79 90.00 Green B
69 163.18 63.87 Green A
70 165.54 64.08 Grey A
71 160.61 80.47 Grey A
72 170.46 94.72 Brown B
73 158.61 75.87 Blue B
74 176.87 83.04 Grey B
75 169.47 70.62 Green B
76 177.40 87.45 Blue A
77 178.53 76.94 Brown A
78 170.85 71.27 Blue A
79 153.19 84.38 Blue A
80 180.19 81.86 Brown A
81 164.57 81.92 Grey A
82 164.08 92.93 Green A
83 168.62 86.70 Blue B
84 177.59 80.07 Grey A
85 169.56 72.54 Blue B
86 180.40 76.41 Brown A
87 167.19 82.59 Grey B
88 161.45 69.64 Grey A
89 174.18 77.20 Green A
90 174.24 81.19 Green A
91 170.68 69.99 Blue A
92 163.99 99.86 Brown A
93 175.59 86.95 Grey A
94 171.71 62.54 Grey A
95 174.68 88.21 Green A
96 160.09 86.76 Blue B
97 174.01 94.77 Blue B
98 162.27 74.46 Brown B
99 173.69 91.30 Brown A
100 164.22 77.15 Grey A
101 160.94 94.76 Grey A
102 168.33 63.27 Brown B
103 173.04 85.27 Blue B
104 177.15 91.02 Blue B
105 163.99 94.45 Green A
106 174.01 78.82 Grey A
107 165.87 75.33 Brown B
108 167.19 74.16 Blue B
109 176.20 75.66 Blue B
110 182.82 86.11 Brown A
111 171.17 89.65 Blue B
112 171.89 84.79 Blue B
113 171.96 77.26 Brown A
114 168.27 71.86 Blue B
115 169.76 73.17 Green B
116 156.57 69.24 Grey A
117 169.03 91.46 Grey A
118 177.01 67.93 Green B
119 158.63 85.91 Blue A
120 171.16 80.52 Brown A
121 168.90 74.65 Green B
122 177.21 71.53 Grey A
123 176.64 89.75 Green B
124 175.30 63.31 Grey B
125 175.79 68.91 Brown B
126 171.28 80.33 Blue B
127 162.35 85.75 Green A
128 173.93 78.03 Brown B
129 171.98 81.49 Grey B
130 174.43 72.05 Brown B
131 166.79 83.49 Grey A
132 173.85 86.46 Grey B
133 171.32 89.85 Grey A
134 172.81 81.54 Grey B
135 169.76 78.40 Green B
136 163.01 74.60 Grey B
137 176.27 90.75 Blue B
138 162.86 72.39 Blue B
139 167.15 75.12 Brown A
140 172.44 91.54 Brown A
141 169.66 68.08 Blue A
142 179.69 73.66 Green A
143 164.76 90.20 Brown B
144 161.47 80.32 Green A
145 172.83 68.83 Green A
146 166.76 79.56 Green A
147 171.63 82.25 Grey A
148 157.77 95.62 Green B
149 176.05 79.89 Green B
150 170.40 80.75 Grey B
151 161.43 82.46 Green A
152 165.52 82.25 Grey A
153 165.41 74.90 Blue A
154 163.83 78.25 Green B
155 163.90 91.05 Blue B
156 176.81 87.54 Grey A
157 174.48 99.42 Grey B
158 187.65 73.26 Grey A
159 172.34 84.86 Blue B
160 164.96 88.05 Grey A
161 159.06 87.90 Blue A
162 168.57 85.65 Blue B
163 162.22 79.45 Green B
164 166.33 90.42 Brown A
165 173.32 96.64 Blue B
166 168.49 75.91 Brown A
167 178.25 77.81 Grey B
168 176.04 85.17 Blue A
169 175.93 81.17 Green A
170 165.96 63.65 Blue A
171 168.09 78.60 Brown A
172 166.97 73.07 Blue B
173 164.88 92.25 Blue A
174 172.71 81.24 Green A
175 160.00 89.41 Blue B
176 172.18 66.41 Green A
177 164.91 76.25 Blue B
178 166.16 75.58 Blue B
179 170.60 81.14 Brown B
180 170.97 76.57 Green B
181 170.45 78.78 Green A
182 166.43 81.90 Grey B
183 174.18 73.48 Brown B
184 170.62 57.67 Blue A
185 178.30 82.47 Green A
186 162.66 72.09 Grey A
187 179.18 89.81 Green B
188 168.47 103.09 Brown A
189 165.64 60.86 Brown A
190 175.33 75.50 Green A
191 173.30 59.17 Grey A
192 178.94 67.88 Grey B
193 168.86 91.28 Green B
194 167.49 68.77 Grey A
195 171.53 71.50 Grey A
196 171.61 85.48 Brown B
197 163.75 88.77 Brown A
198 180.55 85.39 Grey A
199 167.65 74.86 Green B
200 177.90 86.55 Brown A
201 169.04 80.22 Grey B
202 168.24 80.04 Grey B
203 173.07 87.79 Grey A
204 161.03 81.06 Blue B
205 171.52 102.60 Grey B
206 159.59 71.81 Green B
207 166.83 79.30 Green B
208 170.54 87.85 Blue A
209 177.38 63.86 Grey B
210 179.47 71.00 Grey A
211 168.92 77.44 Grey B
212 173.61 75.08 Grey A
213 173.58 71.40 Grey B
214 171.27 76.81 Brown B
215 170.79 87.85 Green A
216 172.04 58.93 Green B
217 168.94 89.01 Green B
218 155.52 80.26 Brown A
219 161.86 96.45 Green B
220 163.77 73.56 Grey A
221 168.24 72.14 Green B
222 169.64 79.53 Brown B
223 169.27 67.97 Green A
224 167.20 62.18 Grey A
225 167.53 60.20 Grey A
226 173.14 82.00 Grey A
227 174.05 78.72 Brown B
228 165.43 73.07 Grey B
229 158.30 74.82 Green B
230 162.56 81.30 Grey B
231 177.18 89.64 Grey B
232 190.20 68.09 Blue A
233 175.75 101.58 Grey A
234 169.81 67.63 Brown A
235 178.43 78.32 Green A
236 168.27 83.12 Blue B
237 168.11 70.36 Grey B
238 170.21 83.46 Grey B
239 163.86 84.99 Grey B
240 164.40 75.19 Brown B
241 158.44 65.78 Green A
242 178.75 83.52 Green A
243 174.65 72.11 Blue B
244 162.95 52.65 Blue B
245 173.56 62.64 Blue B
246 154.45 71.65 Grey A
247 162.24 92.99 Grey A
248 166.47 67.08 Brown B
249 175.27 72.80 Green A
250 167.06 88.85 Blue B
251 161.96 99.92 Grey B
252 167.89 83.50 Grey A
253 172.70 67.27 Brown A
254 164.10 78.27 Green A
255 173.55 80.40 Blue A
256 181.93 69.12 Blue B
257 176.69 68.08 Grey A
258 169.35 79.15 Brown A
259 168.77 52.14 Blue B
260 161.51 71.16 Brown B
261 162.66 77.14 Blue B
262 166.68 68.05 Blue A
263 164.70 84.09 Blue A
264 176.08 65.48 Brown B
265 163.59 84.56 Blue B
266 174.85 62.39 Grey A
267 171.16 79.31 Grey B
268 173.71 70.51 Grey A
269 169.24 93.23 Grey A
270 170.80 86.87 Blue B
271 172.57 80.45 Brown B
272 171.45 96.04 Green B
273 165.87 83.86 Grey A
274 169.31 67.98 Green A
275 173.35 85.06 Grey A
276 166.93 80.79 Grey B
277 167.12 80.40 Blue B
278 160.73 92.84 Blue B
279 160.51 71.74 Blue B
280 167.95 68.55 Green A
281 174.44 77.81 Green B
282 185.43 78.62 Grey B
283 178.99 87.52 Grey A
284 171.14 69.17 Brown B
285 169.95 74.77 Blue A
286 165.93 97.51 Brown B
287 164.78 71.26 Blue A
288 172.71 79.46 Brown A
289 166.46 80.93 Green A
290 167.06 59.29 Brown B
291 180.15 69.41 Green B
292 161.89 86.82 Blue A
293 165.97 64.01 Green B
294 177.22 81.59 Green A
295 172.22 89.08 Green B
296 174.41 83.73 Green B
297 171.32 75.94 Grey B
298 168.58 95.99 Blue B
299 168.35 102.24 Blue A
300 172.44 93.66 Grey B
301 171.90 101.52 Grey B
302 173.94 57.05 Brown B
303 169.30 90.11 Blue B
304 175.75 89.09 Grey B
305 168.34 67.82 Green B
306 175.22 87.60 Green A
307 173.17 86.96 Green A
308 167.83 92.65 Green A
309 169.23 77.10 Brown A
310 169.45 69.14 Blue B
311 172.41 70.79 Grey B
312 169.34 75.39 Green A
313 170.51 77.57 Green A
314 169.85 84.47 Grey B
315 164.22 83.64 Blue A
316 168.79 84.58 Blue B
317 175.67 83.20 Blue A
318 168.81 94.90 Green A
319 163.54 94.35 Brown A
320 157.68 82.02 Green A
321 171.73 82.93 Blue A
322 177.45 96.43 Grey B
323 174.37 74.79 Brown B
324 176.25 92.30 Green B
325 169.83 88.24 Green A
326 177.61 90.34 Blue A
327 171.27 70.29 Green B
328 164.63 67.27 Green A
329 163.26 84.91 Blue B
330 163.47 95.91 Blue B
331 162.50 93.28 Grey B
332 168.77 82.28 Green B
333 163.22 61.89 Grey B
334 170.36 78.59 Green B
335 178.94 82.13 Brown B
336 173.85 87.32 Brown A
337 172.67 68.03 Grey A
338 181.34 98.08 Brown A
339 172.17 95.71 Brown A
340 161.30 77.66 Blue A
341 166.72 77.10 Grey A
342 168.40 89.01 Brown B
343 166.33 77.29 Brown B
344 168.10 74.85 Green B
345 167.94 63.59 Blue A
346 164.96 95.29 Green A
347 176.08 90.67 Blue A
348 171.05 79.64 Green B
349 174.73 80.49 Brown A
350 169.36 75.78 Green A
351 167.09 91.66 Blue A
352 171.43 80.98 Grey B
353 180.54 77.34 Blue B
354 169.73 80.52 Grey A
355 170.13 60.28 Brown B
356 164.41 77.07 Brown B
357 181.63 70.42 Grey B
358 171.01 78.93 Brown B
359 159.87 60.12 Green B
360 170.33 82.48 Blue B
361 171.38 66.65 Brown B
362 176.16 97.28 Green B
363 181.86 73.32 Grey A
364 158.87 86.80 Green A
365 173.21 64.66 Blue B
366 169.94 92.76 Grey B
367 165.51 82.99 Brown B
368 176.39 72.83 Grey A
369 165.44 82.35 Blue B
370 165.64 80.23 Blue B
371 179.46 86.26 Grey B
372 176.98 84.71 Brown A
373 177.37 78.86 Green B
374 166.20 82.08 Green A
375 166.89 81.14 Blue A
376 171.40 94.34 Grey A
377 172.23 63.25 Blue A
378 170.20 72.66 Blue A
379 172.32 75.16 Green A
380 167.63 82.09 Brown A
381 171.71 79.18 Blue A
382 176.81 88.51 Grey A
383 163.41 77.13 Blue A
384 174.16 81.63 Blue B
385 164.22 93.99 Brown A
386 171.46 82.80 Brown B
387 168.76 67.32 Green B
388 168.55 83.22 Green B
389 170.67 99.20 Green B
390 176.33 72.86 Brown A
391 159.50 91.51 Green B
392 177.51 81.92 Brown B
393 162.89 76.34 Green B
394 162.99 82.83 Grey A
395 153.33 72.68 Grey A
396 168.35 74.56 Brown A
397 172.07 77.80 Brown B
398 178.05 72.54 Blue B
399 176.66 75.85 Grey B
400 168.67 80.46 Grey A
401 166.32 66.98 Blue A
402 170.26 71.63 Brown A
403 171.85 80.27 Green B
404 151.76 71.07 Brown A
405 169.33 77.91 Grey B
406 165.26 72.61 Green A
407 175.52 79.20 Brown B
408 167.33 84.51 Blue B
409 168.94 89.94 Brown A
410 177.08 76.07 Blue A
411 169.78 80.82 Blue B
412 174.23 79.18 Blue A
413 163.65 78.22 Blue A
414 178.26 85.89 Green B
415 178.25 86.53 Green A
416 173.39 85.66 Grey A
417 169.14 99.80 Green B
418 182.62 59.17 Brown B
419 167.02 79.36 Grey B
420 169.85 83.21 Brown A
421 174.24 84.30 Brown B
422 178.08 85.59 Green B
423 160.53 70.78 Blue A
424 171.25 64.33 Green A
425 162.35 66.34 Green B
426 173.36 67.51 Brown B
427 165.22 88.61 Grey B
428 165.75 90.86 Brown B
429 165.32 80.17 Green A
430 166.49 69.07 Grey A
431 172.41 74.93 Brown A
432 179.63 70.63 Green B
433 172.57 99.53 Blue A
434 172.54 80.51 Brown B
435 167.00 66.58 Blue B
436 157.55 77.12 Grey A
437 182.14 74.90 Brown B
438 171.05 91.34 Green A
439 163.28 83.08 Green A
440 168.77 93.38 Blue A
441 176.33 73.00 Grey A
442 166.62 68.09 Brown B
443 169.20 63.11 Brown B
444 169.43 72.71 Blue A
445 167.40 75.62 Green B
446 170.11 80.13 Grey A
447 168.66 97.11 Grey B
448 172.55 91.45 Blue A
449 175.50 83.18 Green B
450 166.88 69.41 Grey B
451 168.65 83.42 Blue B
452 166.08 72.22 Blue A
453 166.80 83.58 Blue B
454 169.03 85.83 Grey B
455 174.44 82.24 Grey A
456 163.41 76.91 Blue B
457 179.78 90.61 Brown B
458 170.18 81.27 Grey A
459 165.39 66.99 Green B
460 172.06 76.28 Grey B
461 171.02 81.84 Brown B
462 167.01 80.56 Grey B
463 178.73 82.07 Green A
464 176.97 82.93 Brown A
465 175.38 74.30 Blue A
466 166.05 97.44 Green B
467 166.78 91.20 Green B
468 179.81 70.39 Green B
469 164.95 84.43 Blue A
470 170.78 88.91 Blue A
471 176.12 79.34 Brown B
472 161.98 89.34 Brown B
473 176.12 88.48 Green A
474 175.64 65.77 Blue A
475 167.67 81.86 Brown A
476 172.05 75.77 Grey B
477 178.22 66.91 Brown A
478 169.76 74.56 Blue B
479 166.64 88.74 Green B
480 169.57 77.87 Grey A
481 172.33 62.60 Green B
482 170.93 85.84 Blue A
483 165.86 81.18 Blue A
484 170.29 86.35 Grey B
485 171.09 88.84 Blue B
486 170.15 79.59 Blue A
487 173.26 98.11 Grey B
488 171.03 84.33 Blue A
489 170.88 95.12 Grey A
490 175.04 71.46 Grey A
491 172.37 100.14 Green B
492 176.64 113.96 Grey A
493 166.27 76.91 Grey B
494 164.84 86.93 Blue A
495 172.52 65.20 Brown B
496 165.00 70.74 Brown A
497 171.97 77.12 Green A
498 164.18 67.70 Green B
499 163.87 69.75 Brown A
500 169.61 75.93 Grey A
501 175.82 78.32 Brown B
502 176.08 64.53 Grey A
503 158.58 80.56 Brown A
504 160.27 99.20 Grey A
505 163.10 76.91 Green A
506 173.07 95.64 Green A
507 184.01 78.66 Green B
508 175.75 73.39 Green A
509 171.29 74.62 Grey A
510 176.13 94.95 Blue B
511 175.55 86.42 Grey B
512 182.32 86.44 Grey A
513 163.22 72.49 Green B
514 159.97 92.71 Brown B
515 174.96 92.73 Blue B
516 164.52 100.64 Brown B
517 171.97 85.99 Blue B
518 176.46 85.69 Brown A
519 167.40 92.27 Grey A
520 162.90 65.01 Blue B
521 175.36 81.14 Brown B
522 176.39 54.81 Green A
523 174.91 89.87 Grey A
524 172.03 71.10 Green A
525 175.36 75.77 Brown B
526 177.25 82.26 Blue B
527 173.27 91.86 Brown B
528 167.15 90.25 Grey A
529 163.15 70.72 Brown A
530 163.53 67.09 Blue A
531 169.39 64.40 Brown B
532 175.16 79.39 Green A
533 172.94 79.65 Green B
534 166.91 75.31 Grey B
535 175.27 84.77 Blue A
536 164.35 75.22 Green A
537 171.14 88.58 Blue B
538 168.76 77.54 Grey B
539 165.83 78.83 Blue A
540 179.80 80.74 Grey A
541 166.07 86.05 Green A
542 183.59 76.60 Green B
543 176.82 86.39 Green A
544 153.65 68.49 Blue A
545 170.37 90.24 Green B
546 170.96 51.29 Blue B
547 161.97 59.25 Grey A
548 169.60 66.91 Brown A
549 168.06 70.12 Brown A
550 164.01 70.74 Green B
551 169.65 56.09 Green A
552 169.95 81.49 Grey B
553 158.13 75.33 Grey A
554 180.03 64.34 Green B
555 171.76 100.60 Blue B
556 189.49 84.62 Grey A
557 163.82 88.99 Grey B
558 179.85 79.27 Grey A
559 169.99 75.83 Green A
560 170.35 89.31 Brown A
561 187.95 81.44 Blue A
562 169.68 71.82 Grey B
563 179.69 74.65 Blue A
564 160.47 96.04 Green B
565 178.48 77.23 Grey A
566 168.84 90.31 Grey A
567 174.33 73.81 Green B
568 164.57 73.85 Blue B
569 166.22 82.89 Blue A
570 173.20 81.92 Blue A
571 175.69 84.20 Grey B
572 166.40 66.36 Grey B
573 165.72 81.88 Brown B
574 165.02 84.24 Brown B
575 171.38 80.21 Brown B
576 170.46 91.53 Green A
577 173.85 96.31 Blue B
578 163.30 91.42 Grey A
579 179.39 65.86 Brown B
580 167.47 69.83 Blue A
581 174.67 85.67 Green B
582 166.54 65.50 Grey B
583 173.71 78.32 Brown A
584 173.52 83.12 Grey A
585 163.56 87.75 Grey A
586 180.96 85.50 Grey B
587 169.09 94.00 Blue B
588 173.49 78.87 Brown B
589 175.35 101.06 Green B
590 166.35 73.80 Grey A
591 176.97 87.04 Green B
592 174.63 61.41 Brown B
593 174.43 71.80 Blue B
594 156.87 77.99 Green A
595 175.70 67.58 Brown B
596 169.83 62.74 Blue A
597 155.87 80.90 Blue A
598 172.07 88.99 Green B
599 166.88 77.56 Green A
600 162.23 71.36 Grey B
601 177.56 86.54 Brown A
602 170.56 61.68 Blue A
603 170.58 84.30 Grey A
604 169.56 84.61 Green A
605 166.07 88.15 Green A
606 168.59 78.22 Green B
607 165.63 94.37 Grey A
608 158.54 68.92 Grey A
609 174.59 81.26 Green B
610 165.18 91.39 Blue B
611 176.49 74.01 Brown B
612 178.89 74.60 Grey A
613 173.18 74.53 Grey A
614 167.31 73.63 Grey B
615 173.07 74.41 Grey A
616 171.23 77.46 Grey A
617 168.74 67.35 Grey B
618 170.79 66.81 Blue A
619 166.34 77.31 Blue A
620 178.42 84.75 Green A
621 171.38 78.07 Blue A
622 174.16 79.57 Blue B
623 173.58 80.08 Brown A
624 176.27 94.78 Brown B
625 161.21 76.73 Brown A
626 173.24 74.21 Green B
627 162.34 87.89 Grey A
628 160.72 88.87 Green A
629 175.99 70.68 Green B
630 163.18 101.66 Green A
631 167.70 74.81 Brown B
632 172.98 82.93 Blue A
633 166.72 80.47 Blue A
634 158.15 64.72 Blue A
635 183.75 59.33 Brown A
636 161.98 58.79 Blue A
637 165.16 84.73 Blue B
638 187.60 73.98 Blue A
639 163.11 69.79 Green A
640 172.60 84.88 Grey B
641 166.86 74.72 Grey B
642 170.51 76.77 Brown B
643 151.72 86.36 Brown B
644 169.66 94.47 Green B
645 174.11 73.70 Blue A
646 177.75 74.09 Blue B
647 173.01 80.91 Green B
648 180.57 86.05 Green B
649 159.90 76.85 Blue B
650 170.20 71.26 Green A
651 175.45 75.29 Grey A
652 161.57 94.96 Brown B
653 166.26 63.92 Brown A
654 179.89 75.50 Green A
655 167.11 77.29 Grey A
656 163.92 69.54 Green A
657 171.65 57.38 Grey B
658 172.52 78.49 Green B
659 173.07 82.81 Brown A
660 165.42 89.51 Green A
661 169.40 105.23 Grey A
662 167.17 75.99 Blue B
663 164.31 92.20 Green B
664 174.15 78.21 Brown B
665 181.92 96.03 Green B
666 159.86 80.66 Grey B
667 167.13 78.66 Grey B
668 153.84 92.50 Green B
669 167.10 78.82 Blue A
670 175.31 69.21 Green A
671 171.96 94.11 Brown A
672 168.00 76.98 Grey A
673 167.54 88.79 Grey A
674 165.18 103.69 Grey B
675 175.48 73.75 Brown B
676 168.22 68.95 Blue A
677 172.82 87.97 Blue B
678 169.67 89.99 Grey A
679 165.50 93.87 Grey A
680 174.14 80.55 Grey B
681 169.91 70.76 Blue B
682 175.52 62.63 Green B
683 164.57 67.60 Green B
684 174.33 83.79 Blue A
685 160.89 96.05 Green B
686 173.89 75.34 Brown B
687 175.82 78.99 Grey B
688 176.49 74.76 Brown A
689 183.04 85.69 Brown B
690 180.03 83.62 Green A
691 170.25 77.99 Green B
692 170.11 74.23 Grey B
693 178.06 74.06 Green B
694 174.25 68.79 Grey B
695 163.72 84.93 Brown B
696 164.36 73.51 Green B
697 169.62 67.79 Brown B
698 173.63 72.01 Brown A
699 172.20 93.53 Blue B
700 181.98 89.70 Brown B
701 175.26 69.67 Blue B
702 171.87 75.92 Blue B
703 177.85 73.85 Brown B
704 163.87 79.35 Grey B
705 170.66 80.86 Grey B
706 177.77 93.15 Green B
707 172.21 89.41 Brown B
708 173.56 76.63 Blue B
709 170.65 78.95 Blue B
710 169.97 73.33 Grey B
711 170.69 78.18 Grey A
712 167.51 97.51 Brown B
713 174.50 101.39 Green A
714 160.37 80.24 Green A
715 168.37 84.23 Brown B
716 160.36 74.19 Blue B
717 171.28 81.92 Blue B
718 174.30 80.46 Grey B
719 175.04 71.87 Green A
720 167.40 83.02 Blue B
721 163.99 83.86 Brown A
722 178.41 85.99 Grey B
723 166.53 82.59 Blue A
724 163.77 55.75 Green A
725 172.16 59.16 Grey B
726 162.40 82.71 Blue A
727 164.19 96.76 Green A
728 175.51 78.11 Grey A
729 169.43 82.33 Blue A
730 164.38 75.48 Green B
731 165.42 64.32 Grey A
732 174.84 69.61 Grey B
733 174.62 75.45 Blue B
734 173.52 74.29 Blue B
735 157.99 60.71 Grey B
736 175.14 80.33 Grey B
737 177.60 84.51 Brown A
738 178.46 83.77 Grey B
739 162.29 95.24 Green A
740 153.11 77.48 Grey B
741 171.04 73.47 Grey A
742 171.97 85.95 Grey A
743 170.58 62.52 Green B
744 171.17 87.87 Blue B
745 177.17 83.25 Brown B
746 181.80 91.15 Grey A
747 167.36 80.25 Grey B
748 173.25 76.39 Grey A
749 174.43 87.59 Grey A
750 167.05 75.34 Green A
751 171.45 87.60 Brown B
752 173.94 83.09 Green B
753 170.97 83.37 Grey B
754 175.10 67.24 Green A
755 179.38 104.92 Green A
756 177.01 68.02 Grey B
757 170.32 78.85 Grey A
758 159.39 84.16 Blue A
759 167.93 78.48 Green A
760 162.40 95.17 Grey B
761 175.10 73.96 Grey A
762 163.71 63.49 Green A
763 176.47 80.73 Grey A
764 167.26 84.24 Blue B
765 174.58 80.57 Blue B
766 174.39 61.00 Green B
767 166.91 54.62 Green B
768 175.41 92.91 Brown A
769 169.54 81.31 Blue A
770 175.35 92.47 Green B
771 174.85 87.65 Grey B
772 172.81 88.92 Brown A
773 179.29 60.55 Grey A
774 166.44 82.54 Brown A
775 165.05 64.80 Blue B
776 171.26 94.07 Green A
777 177.32 69.47 Grey A
778 157.29 74.51 Blue B
779 159.14 83.52 Green B
780 154.41 79.42 Grey A
781 156.98 98.62 Grey B
782 167.69 79.36 Green A
783 180.33 67.69 Blue A
784 168.11 70.81 Blue B
785 159.02 98.79 Grey A
786 175.47 84.90 Grey B
787 169.41 85.68 Grey B
788 162.29 92.28 Green B
789 167.28 85.81 Blue A
790 172.76 72.99 Green B
791 173.45 93.14 Green A
792 168.46 74.74 Brown A
793 149.78 84.24 Blue B
794 181.20 92.30 Green A
795 171.62 84.55 Green B
796 170.89 86.27 Brown B
797 168.26 80.32 Grey B
798 169.99 72.28 Grey A
799 168.63 108.15 Brown A
800 168.60 78.74 Blue B
801 170.42 76.48 Brown A
802 165.20 71.15 Green A
803 171.82 81.28 Brown B
804 165.29 93.53 Green A
805 162.78 64.72 Green A
806 172.40 75.66 Brown A
807 165.69 77.81 Grey B
808 169.81 81.95 Brown A
809 177.13 74.55 Blue B
810 167.44 77.71 Grey B
811 167.03 94.49 Green B
812 170.42 99.93 Grey A
813 163.91 76.48 Brown A
814 158.01 79.48 Brown B
815 173.04 76.78 Brown A
816 158.77 89.53 Green B
817 170.01 85.55 Blue B
818 168.31 85.75 Green A
819 166.09 61.67 Blue A
820 167.12 70.17 Brown A
821 174.70 83.25 Blue A
822 165.59 68.09 Brown A
823 159.72 79.48 Grey B
824 184.79 79.40 Grey B
825 159.86 85.62 Brown A
826 168.67 73.39 Grey B
827 171.72 82.02 Blue A
828 168.42 72.46 Brown B
829 170.10 80.43 Green B
830 168.60 89.45 Grey B
831 163.10 88.86 Blue A
832 165.51 78.36 Blue B
833 177.32 57.04 Brown A
834 168.84 80.49 Grey A
835 167.31 75.18 Grey A
836 184.65 71.84 Grey A
837 184.25 82.67 Green B
838 169.58 78.21 Green B
839 162.04 84.48 Brown A
840 163.50 82.07 Brown A
841 173.38 91.09 Brown B
842 168.28 75.67 Brown B
843 182.87 67.74 Grey A
844 172.70 85.16 Grey A
845 176.45 74.79 Grey B
846 171.52 89.29 Brown B
847 155.22 77.01 Brown B
848 173.25 68.11 Green B
849 162.93 60.49 Blue B
850 180.33 77.11 Grey A
851 170.46 79.12 Blue A
852 159.09 86.89 Grey B
853 158.95 69.67 Blue B
854 164.98 77.82 Blue A
855 172.61 78.40 Brown B
856 166.56 83.34 Brown B
857 150.38 93.63 Blue A
858 164.51 81.11 Blue B
859 161.85 90.85 Grey B
860 182.07 72.05 Green B
861 170.82 67.57 Blue B
862 165.36 84.68 Grey B
863 175.08 77.79 Green B
864 172.86 82.22 Blue B
865 160.73 73.31 Blue B
866 173.41 58.63 Blue B
867 167.39 81.96 Blue B
868 163.47 96.23 Brown B
869 163.52 50.32 Blue B
870 178.52 84.98 Grey B
871 180.18 74.66 Brown B
872 175.09 80.71 Brown B
873 162.27 71.16 Blue A
874 168.72 85.44 Grey A
875 171.79 72.05 Brown A
876 175.89 103.62 Brown B
877 167.89 57.36 Green B
878 161.33 74.99 Brown B
879 168.66 77.00 Grey A
880 166.33 69.17 Brown B
881 156.55 73.17 Blue A
882 182.40 84.92 Grey A
883 173.10 79.11 Blue B
884 178.99 97.79 Grey B
885 179.46 78.83 Brown B
886 179.43 79.53 Blue A
887 171.05 78.70 Brown A
888 176.69 70.78 Blue A
889 168.53 67.29 Brown B
890 170.50 54.45 Green A
891 170.13 70.69 Grey B
892 167.63 80.66 Green B
893 164.75 78.58 Blue A
894 174.95 60.80 Grey B
895 170.92 92.74 Brown B
896 181.51 88.03 Green B
897 174.22 87.25 Brown A
898 174.07 90.10 Grey B
899 174.78 86.38 Brown B
900 163.97 87.68 Grey A
901 161.42 72.55 Green B
902 172.99 87.27 Grey B
903 165.64 83.88 Brown A
904 164.43 99.51 Brown A
905 165.84 78.24 Brown A
906 173.80 71.03 Green B
907 170.17 71.09 Grey A
908 168.91 68.46 Grey B
909 173.09 81.76 Green B
910 175.59 82.02 Blue B
911 166.07 78.49 Brown B
912 177.37 60.77 Blue B
913 170.96 86.00 Brown B
914 160.81 77.39 Blue B
915 170.98 69.43 Blue B
916 171.56 60.83 Brown B
917 164.64 93.05 Blue B
918 172.37 69.29 Grey B
919 172.42 79.34 Grey B
920 168.79 99.81 Green B
921 176.64 73.95 Blue A
922 171.41 79.64 Brown A
923 181.01 82.14 Grey B
924 177.06 62.62 Green A
925 160.14 74.37 Grey B
926 175.54 71.18 Green A
927 168.68 88.03 Grey B
928 159.28 87.53 Green B
929 171.31 68.43 Blue A
930 174.00 77.44 Green A
931 167.69 85.48 Grey A
932 155.71 76.12 Blue B
933 170.24 78.56 Blue B
934 175.64 97.65 Brown A
935 174.35 93.05 Blue B
936 164.82 68.32 Blue A
937 167.56 84.10 Brown B
938 157.56 76.27 Brown B
939 167.43 74.74 Brown A
940 165.71 84.85 Grey B
941 172.13 87.73 Green A
942 172.56 79.45 Green B
943 177.62 97.48 Green A
944 176.95 70.24 Blue B
945 166.26 77.37 Brown A
946 172.41 92.43 Brown B
947 175.13 60.88 Brown B
948 166.48 73.79 Grey A
949 155.78 97.35 Grey A
950 181.88 76.85 Blue A
951 160.19 66.83 Grey B
952 177.53 83.32 Grey A
953 176.87 58.79 Green A
954 179.46 78.32 Green A
955 168.12 83.61 Brown B
956 159.18 78.39 Blue B
957 163.75 89.12 Grey A
958 162.71 81.30 Blue B
959 161.94 94.69 Blue A
960 179.39 76.33 Blue B
961 161.33 82.83 Brown A
962 170.47 71.46 Green B
963 170.03 75.15 Blue A
964 174.15 61.44 Grey A
965 169.76 67.19 Blue B
966 162.45 78.80 Blue B
967 167.96 72.14 Grey B
968 165.09 75.75 Brown A
969 158.46 77.35 Grey A
970 171.24 65.95 Green A
971 176.20 61.84 Green B
972 163.78 82.52 Blue A
973 171.58 96.73 Grey B
974 166.28 59.48 Brown B
975 162.29 66.91 Blue A
976 179.78 83.42 Green A
977 171.94 93.06 Blue B
978 158.52 80.26 Blue B
979 159.21 83.43 Brown B
980 173.46 75.21 Brown A
981 159.41 76.53 Blue B
982 170.41 80.99 Grey B
983 168.21 68.24 Blue A
984 173.28 87.56 Brown A
985 174.09 75.76 Green A
986 176.29 82.54 Grey B
987 169.71 84.99 Green B
988 158.96 89.16 Brown A
989 174.80 73.49 Green A
990 168.38 94.90 Brown A
991 169.58 74.63 Brown A
992 177.34 80.42 Brown A
993 164.21 77.35 Grey B
994 164.93 77.58 Brown A
995 168.30 85.94 Brown B
996 172.54 70.46 Grey B
997 172.06 79.95 Blue A
998 177.73 100.09 Green B
999 173.94 82.95 Green B
1000 159.43 82.15 Green B

How similar are these groups?

Let’s first check their heights:

How similar are these groups?

And their weights:

How similar are these groups?

And their eye colors:

Making sure this wasn’t a fluke

Let’s re-run this:

ID Height Weight Eye colour Group
1 173.35 77.01 Blue B
2 175.34 52.30 Grey B
3 172.40 81.47 Green A
4 170.02 69.90 Blue B
5 189.08 69.58 Blue B
6 164.27 82.22 Green B
7 170.78 56.93 Grey A
8 177.64 76.88 Brown B
9 167.13 83.30 Brown B
10 165.77 86.44 Green A
11 166.38 69.04 Brown A
12 168.44 80.70 Grey B
13 163.05 83.26 Blue B
14 165.01 86.05 Brown B
15 170.67 68.09 Blue B
16 168.74 75.98 Blue A
17 174.46 64.79 Grey A
18 169.00 92.95 Green B
19 178.50 76.45 Green B
20 171.09 73.58 Grey A
21 170.95 66.18 Green A
22 175.42 62.90 Grey A
23 176.38 58.61 Brown B
24 172.67 56.58 Brown B
25 180.68 102.15 Brown A
26 178.13 69.34 Grey B
27 160.04 65.43 Blue B
28 173.52 90.46 Blue A
29 167.90 79.13 Brown A
30 169.40 94.91 Green A
31 166.88 68.66 Grey B
32 163.79 86.75 Blue B
33 178.21 73.71 Grey A
34 162.95 69.06 Green A
35 174.07 78.31 Grey A
36 176.01 82.04 Brown B
37 175.72 70.89 Grey B
38 167.90 90.09 Grey A
39 167.66 71.47 Grey A
40 164.71 67.48 Grey A
41 159.50 83.19 Grey B
42 158.35 76.02 Brown B
43 175.28 58.94 Grey B
44 174.64 81.07 Grey A
45 170.40 67.91 Grey B
46 174.77 81.49 Grey B
47 179.03 68.60 Grey B
48 174.50 68.70 Brown A
49 169.35 94.46 Green A
50 174.04 54.65 Blue B
51 176.55 85.74 Grey A
52 170.61 70.94 Green A
53 175.94 77.28 Grey A
54 168.77 75.16 Green B
55 182.14 86.66 Brown B
56 172.41 94.21 Blue B
57 162.98 79.66 Grey B
58 168.72 71.13 Green B
59 170.05 64.38 Green A
60 166.56 88.25 Brown B
61 166.16 80.57 Brown B
62 177.68 76.54 Green B
63 164.76 79.97 Brown A
64 175.01 87.63 Brown A
65 174.08 89.61 Brown A
66 171.50 87.94 Blue A
67 162.60 75.12 Brown A
68 182.79 90.00 Green B
69 163.18 63.87 Green B
70 165.54 64.08 Grey B
71 160.61 80.47 Grey A
72 170.46 94.72 Brown A
73 158.61 75.87 Blue B
74 176.87 83.04 Grey B
75 169.47 70.62 Green B
76 177.40 87.45 Blue A
77 178.53 76.94 Brown A
78 170.85 71.27 Blue B
79 153.19 84.38 Blue A
80 180.19 81.86 Brown B
81 164.57 81.92 Grey B
82 164.08 92.93 Green B
83 168.62 86.70 Blue B
84 177.59 80.07 Grey B
85 169.56 72.54 Blue A
86 180.40 76.41 Brown B
87 167.19 82.59 Grey A
88 161.45 69.64 Grey A
89 174.18 77.20 Green B
90 174.24 81.19 Green A
91 170.68 69.99 Blue A
92 163.99 99.86 Brown A
93 175.59 86.95 Grey A
94 171.71 62.54 Grey A
95 174.68 88.21 Green B
96 160.09 86.76 Blue A
97 174.01 94.77 Blue A
98 162.27 74.46 Brown B
99 173.69 91.30 Brown A
100 164.22 77.15 Grey A
101 160.94 94.76 Grey B
102 168.33 63.27 Brown A
103 173.04 85.27 Blue B
104 177.15 91.02 Blue B
105 163.99 94.45 Green A
106 174.01 78.82 Grey B
107 165.87 75.33 Brown A
108 167.19 74.16 Blue A
109 176.20 75.66 Blue B
110 182.82 86.11 Brown A
111 171.17 89.65 Blue A
112 171.89 84.79 Blue B
113 171.96 77.26 Brown B
114 168.27 71.86 Blue A
115 169.76 73.17 Green B
116 156.57 69.24 Grey A
117 169.03 91.46 Grey B
118 177.01 67.93 Green B
119 158.63 85.91 Blue A
120 171.16 80.52 Brown B
121 168.90 74.65 Green B
122 177.21 71.53 Grey B
123 176.64 89.75 Green B
124 175.30 63.31 Grey B
125 175.79 68.91 Brown B
126 171.28 80.33 Blue A
127 162.35 85.75 Green A
128 173.93 78.03 Brown B
129 171.98 81.49 Grey B
130 174.43 72.05 Brown A
131 166.79 83.49 Grey B
132 173.85 86.46 Grey A
133 171.32 89.85 Grey A
134 172.81 81.54 Grey B
135 169.76 78.40 Green A
136 163.01 74.60 Grey B
137 176.27 90.75 Blue B
138 162.86 72.39 Blue B
139 167.15 75.12 Brown B
140 172.44 91.54 Brown B
141 169.66 68.08 Blue A
142 179.69 73.66 Green A
143 164.76 90.20 Brown A
144 161.47 80.32 Green B
145 172.83 68.83 Green B
146 166.76 79.56 Green A
147 171.63 82.25 Grey B
148 157.77 95.62 Green B
149 176.05 79.89 Green B
150 170.40 80.75 Grey A
151 161.43 82.46 Green B
152 165.52 82.25 Grey B
153 165.41 74.90 Blue B
154 163.83 78.25 Green B
155 163.90 91.05 Blue A
156 176.81 87.54 Grey A
157 174.48 99.42 Grey B
158 187.65 73.26 Grey B
159 172.34 84.86 Blue B
160 164.96 88.05 Grey B
161 159.06 87.90 Blue B
162 168.57 85.65 Blue A
163 162.22 79.45 Green A
164 166.33 90.42 Brown A
165 173.32 96.64 Blue B
166 168.49 75.91 Brown A
167 178.25 77.81 Grey A
168 176.04 85.17 Blue A
169 175.93 81.17 Green B
170 165.96 63.65 Blue B
171 168.09 78.60 Brown B
172 166.97 73.07 Blue B
173 164.88 92.25 Blue B
174 172.71 81.24 Green B
175 160.00 89.41 Blue B
176 172.18 66.41 Green B
177 164.91 76.25 Blue A
178 166.16 75.58 Blue B
179 170.60 81.14 Brown B
180 170.97 76.57 Green A
181 170.45 78.78 Green A
182 166.43 81.90 Grey A
183 174.18 73.48 Brown A
184 170.62 57.67 Blue B
185 178.30 82.47 Green B
186 162.66 72.09 Grey A
187 179.18 89.81 Green A
188 168.47 103.09 Brown B
189 165.64 60.86 Brown A
190 175.33 75.50 Green A
191 173.30 59.17 Grey A
192 178.94 67.88 Grey B
193 168.86 91.28 Green A
194 167.49 68.77 Grey A
195 171.53 71.50 Grey A
196 171.61 85.48 Brown A
197 163.75 88.77 Brown B
198 180.55 85.39 Grey B
199 167.65 74.86 Green A
200 177.90 86.55 Brown A
201 169.04 80.22 Grey B
202 168.24 80.04 Grey A
203 173.07 87.79 Grey B
204 161.03 81.06 Blue B
205 171.52 102.60 Grey A
206 159.59 71.81 Green A
207 166.83 79.30 Green A
208 170.54 87.85 Blue B
209 177.38 63.86 Grey B
210 179.47 71.00 Grey B
211 168.92 77.44 Grey B
212 173.61 75.08 Grey A
213 173.58 71.40 Grey A
214 171.27 76.81 Brown B
215 170.79 87.85 Green B
216 172.04 58.93 Green A
217 168.94 89.01 Green B
218 155.52 80.26 Brown A
219 161.86 96.45 Green A
220 163.77 73.56 Grey A
221 168.24 72.14 Green B
222 169.64 79.53 Brown A
223 169.27 67.97 Green B
224 167.20 62.18 Grey B
225 167.53 60.20 Grey A
226 173.14 82.00 Grey A
227 174.05 78.72 Brown A
228 165.43 73.07 Grey B
229 158.30 74.82 Green A
230 162.56 81.30 Grey A
231 177.18 89.64 Grey A
232 190.20 68.09 Blue A
233 175.75 101.58 Grey A
234 169.81 67.63 Brown A
235 178.43 78.32 Green B
236 168.27 83.12 Blue A
237 168.11 70.36 Grey A
238 170.21 83.46 Grey B
239 163.86 84.99 Grey B
240 164.40 75.19 Brown A
241 158.44 65.78 Green A
242 178.75 83.52 Green B
243 174.65 72.11 Blue B
244 162.95 52.65 Blue A
245 173.56 62.64 Blue B
246 154.45 71.65 Grey B
247 162.24 92.99 Grey A
248 166.47 67.08 Brown B
249 175.27 72.80 Green A
250 167.06 88.85 Blue A
251 161.96 99.92 Grey B
252 167.89 83.50 Grey B
253 172.70 67.27 Brown A
254 164.10 78.27 Green B
255 173.55 80.40 Blue B
256 181.93 69.12 Blue A
257 176.69 68.08 Grey B
258 169.35 79.15 Brown A
259 168.77 52.14 Blue A
260 161.51 71.16 Brown B
261 162.66 77.14 Blue B
262 166.68 68.05 Blue B
263 164.70 84.09 Blue A
264 176.08 65.48 Brown A
265 163.59 84.56 Blue A
266 174.85 62.39 Grey B
267 171.16 79.31 Grey B
268 173.71 70.51 Grey B
269 169.24 93.23 Grey A
270 170.80 86.87 Blue B
271 172.57 80.45 Brown B
272 171.45 96.04 Green B
273 165.87 83.86 Grey A
274 169.31 67.98 Green B
275 173.35 85.06 Grey B
276 166.93 80.79 Grey A
277 167.12 80.40 Blue B
278 160.73 92.84 Blue A
279 160.51 71.74 Blue A
280 167.95 68.55 Green B
281 174.44 77.81 Green B
282 185.43 78.62 Grey A
283 178.99 87.52 Grey B
284 171.14 69.17 Brown B
285 169.95 74.77 Blue B
286 165.93 97.51 Brown A
287 164.78 71.26 Blue A
288 172.71 79.46 Brown A
289 166.46 80.93 Green A
290 167.06 59.29 Brown A
291 180.15 69.41 Green B
292 161.89 86.82 Blue A
293 165.97 64.01 Green B
294 177.22 81.59 Green A
295 172.22 89.08 Green A
296 174.41 83.73 Green A
297 171.32 75.94 Grey A
298 168.58 95.99 Blue B
299 168.35 102.24 Blue B
300 172.44 93.66 Grey A
301 171.90 101.52 Grey A
302 173.94 57.05 Brown A
303 169.30 90.11 Blue A
304 175.75 89.09 Grey B
305 168.34 67.82 Green B
306 175.22 87.60 Green A
307 173.17 86.96 Green A
308 167.83 92.65 Green B
309 169.23 77.10 Brown B
310 169.45 69.14 Blue B
311 172.41 70.79 Grey B
312 169.34 75.39 Green A
313 170.51 77.57 Green B
314 169.85 84.47 Grey B
315 164.22 83.64 Blue A
316 168.79 84.58 Blue A
317 175.67 83.20 Blue A
318 168.81 94.90 Green A
319 163.54 94.35 Brown A
320 157.68 82.02 Green A
321 171.73 82.93 Blue B
322 177.45 96.43 Grey B
323 174.37 74.79 Brown B
324 176.25 92.30 Green A
325 169.83 88.24 Green A
326 177.61 90.34 Blue B
327 171.27 70.29 Green B
328 164.63 67.27 Green A
329 163.26 84.91 Blue B
330 163.47 95.91 Blue A
331 162.50 93.28 Grey A
332 168.77 82.28 Green A
333 163.22 61.89 Grey B
334 170.36 78.59 Green B
335 178.94 82.13 Brown A
336 173.85 87.32 Brown A
337 172.67 68.03 Grey A
338 181.34 98.08 Brown B
339 172.17 95.71 Brown A
340 161.30 77.66 Blue B
341 166.72 77.10 Grey A
342 168.40 89.01 Brown A
343 166.33 77.29 Brown B
344 168.10 74.85 Green B
345 167.94 63.59 Blue A
346 164.96 95.29 Green A
347 176.08 90.67 Blue B
348 171.05 79.64 Green A
349 174.73 80.49 Brown B
350 169.36 75.78 Green B
351 167.09 91.66 Blue A
352 171.43 80.98 Grey A
353 180.54 77.34 Blue B
354 169.73 80.52 Grey B
355 170.13 60.28 Brown A
356 164.41 77.07 Brown B
357 181.63 70.42 Grey B
358 171.01 78.93 Brown A
359 159.87 60.12 Green B
360 170.33 82.48 Blue B
361 171.38 66.65 Brown B
362 176.16 97.28 Green B
363 181.86 73.32 Grey B
364 158.87 86.80 Green A
365 173.21 64.66 Blue B
366 169.94 92.76 Grey B
367 165.51 82.99 Brown A
368 176.39 72.83 Grey B
369 165.44 82.35 Blue A
370 165.64 80.23 Blue B
371 179.46 86.26 Grey B
372 176.98 84.71 Brown A
373 177.37 78.86 Green A
374 166.20 82.08 Green A
375 166.89 81.14 Blue B
376 171.40 94.34 Grey B
377 172.23 63.25 Blue A
378 170.20 72.66 Blue A
379 172.32 75.16 Green B
380 167.63 82.09 Brown B
381 171.71 79.18 Blue B
382 176.81 88.51 Grey B
383 163.41 77.13 Blue B
384 174.16 81.63 Blue B
385 164.22 93.99 Brown A
386 171.46 82.80 Brown B
387 168.76 67.32 Green A
388 168.55 83.22 Green B
389 170.67 99.20 Green A
390 176.33 72.86 Brown A
391 159.50 91.51 Green B
392 177.51 81.92 Brown B
393 162.89 76.34 Green B
394 162.99 82.83 Grey A
395 153.33 72.68 Grey A
396 168.35 74.56 Brown B
397 172.07 77.80 Brown A
398 178.05 72.54 Blue B
399 176.66 75.85 Grey B
400 168.67 80.46 Grey A
401 166.32 66.98 Blue B
402 170.26 71.63 Brown A
403 171.85 80.27 Green B
404 151.76 71.07 Brown B
405 169.33 77.91 Grey A
406 165.26 72.61 Green B
407 175.52 79.20 Brown B
408 167.33 84.51 Blue A
409 168.94 89.94 Brown B
410 177.08 76.07 Blue A
411 169.78 80.82 Blue A
412 174.23 79.18 Blue A
413 163.65 78.22 Blue B
414 178.26 85.89 Green B
415 178.25 86.53 Green A
416 173.39 85.66 Grey A
417 169.14 99.80 Green B
418 182.62 59.17 Brown A
419 167.02 79.36 Grey B
420 169.85 83.21 Brown B
421 174.24 84.30 Brown A
422 178.08 85.59 Green A
423 160.53 70.78 Blue B
424 171.25 64.33 Green A
425 162.35 66.34 Green A
426 173.36 67.51 Brown A
427 165.22 88.61 Grey A
428 165.75 90.86 Brown A
429 165.32 80.17 Green B
430 166.49 69.07 Grey B
431 172.41 74.93 Brown A
432 179.63 70.63 Green B
433 172.57 99.53 Blue B
434 172.54 80.51 Brown B
435 167.00 66.58 Blue A
436 157.55 77.12 Grey B
437 182.14 74.90 Brown A
438 171.05 91.34 Green A
439 163.28 83.08 Green B
440 168.77 93.38 Blue B
441 176.33 73.00 Grey B
442 166.62 68.09 Brown A
443 169.20 63.11 Brown A
444 169.43 72.71 Blue A
445 167.40 75.62 Green A
446 170.11 80.13 Grey B
447 168.66 97.11 Grey A
448 172.55 91.45 Blue A
449 175.50 83.18 Green B
450 166.88 69.41 Grey B
451 168.65 83.42 Blue A
452 166.08 72.22 Blue A
453 166.80 83.58 Blue B
454 169.03 85.83 Grey B
455 174.44 82.24 Grey A
456 163.41 76.91 Blue B
457 179.78 90.61 Brown A
458 170.18 81.27 Grey B
459 165.39 66.99 Green A
460 172.06 76.28 Grey A
461 171.02 81.84 Brown A
462 167.01 80.56 Grey B
463 178.73 82.07 Green B
464 176.97 82.93 Brown A
465 175.38 74.30 Blue B
466 166.05 97.44 Green B
467 166.78 91.20 Green B
468 179.81 70.39 Green B
469 164.95 84.43 Blue B
470 170.78 88.91 Blue A
471 176.12 79.34 Brown B
472 161.98 89.34 Brown A
473 176.12 88.48 Green B
474 175.64 65.77 Blue A
475 167.67 81.86 Brown A
476 172.05 75.77 Grey A
477 178.22 66.91 Brown A
478 169.76 74.56 Blue A
479 166.64 88.74 Green B
480 169.57 77.87 Grey B
481 172.33 62.60 Green B
482 170.93 85.84 Blue B
483 165.86 81.18 Blue B
484 170.29 86.35 Grey B
485 171.09 88.84 Blue B
486 170.15 79.59 Blue A
487 173.26 98.11 Grey A
488 171.03 84.33 Blue B
489 170.88 95.12 Grey B
490 175.04 71.46 Grey A
491 172.37 100.14 Green A
492 176.64 113.96 Grey B
493 166.27 76.91 Grey B
494 164.84 86.93 Blue B
495 172.52 65.20 Brown A
496 165.00 70.74 Brown A
497 171.97 77.12 Green B
498 164.18 67.70 Green A
499 163.87 69.75 Brown A
500 169.61 75.93 Grey A
501 175.82 78.32 Brown A
502 176.08 64.53 Grey B
503 158.58 80.56 Brown B
504 160.27 99.20 Grey B
505 163.10 76.91 Green B
506 173.07 95.64 Green B
507 184.01 78.66 Green B
508 175.75 73.39 Green B
509 171.29 74.62 Grey A
510 176.13 94.95 Blue A
511 175.55 86.42 Grey A
512 182.32 86.44 Grey A
513 163.22 72.49 Green A
514 159.97 92.71 Brown A
515 174.96 92.73 Blue B
516 164.52 100.64 Brown A
517 171.97 85.99 Blue A
518 176.46 85.69 Brown A
519 167.40 92.27 Grey A
520 162.90 65.01 Blue A
521 175.36 81.14 Brown A
522 176.39 54.81 Green A
523 174.91 89.87 Grey B
524 172.03 71.10 Green A
525 175.36 75.77 Brown A
526 177.25 82.26 Blue A
527 173.27 91.86 Brown A
528 167.15 90.25 Grey A
529 163.15 70.72 Brown B
530 163.53 67.09 Blue A
531 169.39 64.40 Brown B
532 175.16 79.39 Green A
533 172.94 79.65 Green A
534 166.91 75.31 Grey B
535 175.27 84.77 Blue A
536 164.35 75.22 Green B
537 171.14 88.58 Blue A
538 168.76 77.54 Grey A
539 165.83 78.83 Blue A
540 179.80 80.74 Grey B
541 166.07 86.05 Green A
542 183.59 76.60 Green B
543 176.82 86.39 Green B
544 153.65 68.49 Blue B
545 170.37 90.24 Green B
546 170.96 51.29 Blue B
547 161.97 59.25 Grey A
548 169.60 66.91 Brown B
549 168.06 70.12 Brown B
550 164.01 70.74 Green A
551 169.65 56.09 Green B
552 169.95 81.49 Grey B
553 158.13 75.33 Grey A
554 180.03 64.34 Green B
555 171.76 100.60 Blue A
556 189.49 84.62 Grey A
557 163.82 88.99 Grey B
558 179.85 79.27 Grey A
559 169.99 75.83 Green A
560 170.35 89.31 Brown B
561 187.95 81.44 Blue B
562 169.68 71.82 Grey B
563 179.69 74.65 Blue A
564 160.47 96.04 Green B
565 178.48 77.23 Grey A
566 168.84 90.31 Grey A
567 174.33 73.81 Green A
568 164.57 73.85 Blue B
569 166.22 82.89 Blue A
570 173.20 81.92 Blue A
571 175.69 84.20 Grey A
572 166.40 66.36 Grey B
573 165.72 81.88 Brown B
574 165.02 84.24 Brown B
575 171.38 80.21 Brown B
576 170.46 91.53 Green B
577 173.85 96.31 Blue A
578 163.30 91.42 Grey B
579 179.39 65.86 Brown B
580 167.47 69.83 Blue A
581 174.67 85.67 Green A
582 166.54 65.50 Grey B
583 173.71 78.32 Brown B
584 173.52 83.12 Grey B
585 163.56 87.75 Grey A
586 180.96 85.50 Grey A
587 169.09 94.00 Blue A
588 173.49 78.87 Brown A
589 175.35 101.06 Green A
590 166.35 73.80 Grey A
591 176.97 87.04 Green A
592 174.63 61.41 Brown A
593 174.43 71.80 Blue B
594 156.87 77.99 Green B
595 175.70 67.58 Brown B
596 169.83 62.74 Blue B
597 155.87 80.90 Blue A
598 172.07 88.99 Green A
599 166.88 77.56 Green B
600 162.23 71.36 Grey A
601 177.56 86.54 Brown A
602 170.56 61.68 Blue B
603 170.58 84.30 Grey B
604 169.56 84.61 Green B
605 166.07 88.15 Green B
606 168.59 78.22 Green B
607 165.63 94.37 Grey A
608 158.54 68.92 Grey B
609 174.59 81.26 Green A
610 165.18 91.39 Blue A
611 176.49 74.01 Brown A
612 178.89 74.60 Grey B
613 173.18 74.53 Grey A
614 167.31 73.63 Grey A
615 173.07 74.41 Grey B
616 171.23 77.46 Grey A
617 168.74 67.35 Grey A
618 170.79 66.81 Blue A
619 166.34 77.31 Blue A
620 178.42 84.75 Green B
621 171.38 78.07 Blue A
622 174.16 79.57 Blue B
623 173.58 80.08 Brown A
624 176.27 94.78 Brown A
625 161.21 76.73 Brown A
626 173.24 74.21 Green A
627 162.34 87.89 Grey A
628 160.72 88.87 Green B
629 175.99 70.68 Green A
630 163.18 101.66 Green B
631 167.70 74.81 Brown B
632 172.98 82.93 Blue A
633 166.72 80.47 Blue A
634 158.15 64.72 Blue B
635 183.75 59.33 Brown A
636 161.98 58.79 Blue B
637 165.16 84.73 Blue B
638 187.60 73.98 Blue B
639 163.11 69.79 Green A
640 172.60 84.88 Grey B
641 166.86 74.72 Grey B
642 170.51 76.77 Brown A
643 151.72 86.36 Brown A
644 169.66 94.47 Green B
645 174.11 73.70 Blue B
646 177.75 74.09 Blue A
647 173.01 80.91 Green B
648 180.57 86.05 Green A
649 159.90 76.85 Blue B
650 170.20 71.26 Green B
651 175.45 75.29 Grey A
652 161.57 94.96 Brown A
653 166.26 63.92 Brown A
654 179.89 75.50 Green A
655 167.11 77.29 Grey B
656 163.92 69.54 Green B
657 171.65 57.38 Grey B
658 172.52 78.49 Green A
659 173.07 82.81 Brown A
660 165.42 89.51 Green B
661 169.40 105.23 Grey B
662 167.17 75.99 Blue B
663 164.31 92.20 Green B
664 174.15 78.21 Brown B
665 181.92 96.03 Green A
666 159.86 80.66 Grey B
667 167.13 78.66 Grey A
668 153.84 92.50 Green A
669 167.10 78.82 Blue A
670 175.31 69.21 Green B
671 171.96 94.11 Brown B
672 168.00 76.98 Grey B
673 167.54 88.79 Grey B
674 165.18 103.69 Grey B
675 175.48 73.75 Brown B
676 168.22 68.95 Blue B
677 172.82 87.97 Blue A
678 169.67 89.99 Grey B
679 165.50 93.87 Grey A
680 174.14 80.55 Grey B
681 169.91 70.76 Blue A
682 175.52 62.63 Green A
683 164.57 67.60 Green A
684 174.33 83.79 Blue A
685 160.89 96.05 Green A
686 173.89 75.34 Brown A
687 175.82 78.99 Grey A
688 176.49 74.76 Brown A
689 183.04 85.69 Brown B
690 180.03 83.62 Green A
691 170.25 77.99 Green B
692 170.11 74.23 Grey B
693 178.06 74.06 Green A
694 174.25 68.79 Grey A
695 163.72 84.93 Brown A
696 164.36 73.51 Green A
697 169.62 67.79 Brown B
698 173.63 72.01 Brown A
699 172.20 93.53 Blue A
700 181.98 89.70 Brown A
701 175.26 69.67 Blue B
702 171.87 75.92 Blue B
703 177.85 73.85 Brown A
704 163.87 79.35 Grey A
705 170.66 80.86 Grey B
706 177.77 93.15 Green B
707 172.21 89.41 Brown A
708 173.56 76.63 Blue B
709 170.65 78.95 Blue A
710 169.97 73.33 Grey B
711 170.69 78.18 Grey A
712 167.51 97.51 Brown A
713 174.50 101.39 Green A
714 160.37 80.24 Green A
715 168.37 84.23 Brown B
716 160.36 74.19 Blue A
717 171.28 81.92 Blue B
718 174.30 80.46 Grey A
719 175.04 71.87 Green A
720 167.40 83.02 Blue A
721 163.99 83.86 Brown B
722 178.41 85.99 Grey B
723 166.53 82.59 Blue A
724 163.77 55.75 Green A
725 172.16 59.16 Grey A
726 162.40 82.71 Blue B
727 164.19 96.76 Green A
728 175.51 78.11 Grey B
729 169.43 82.33 Blue B
730 164.38 75.48 Green A
731 165.42 64.32 Grey A
732 174.84 69.61 Grey A
733 174.62 75.45 Blue A
734 173.52 74.29 Blue B
735 157.99 60.71 Grey B
736 175.14 80.33 Grey A
737 177.60 84.51 Brown B
738 178.46 83.77 Grey B
739 162.29 95.24 Green A
740 153.11 77.48 Grey B
741 171.04 73.47 Grey A
742 171.97 85.95 Grey A
743 170.58 62.52 Green B
744 171.17 87.87 Blue A
745 177.17 83.25 Brown A
746 181.80 91.15 Grey A
747 167.36 80.25 Grey B
748 173.25 76.39 Grey B
749 174.43 87.59 Grey B
750 167.05 75.34 Green B
751 171.45 87.60 Brown A
752 173.94 83.09 Green A
753 170.97 83.37 Grey B
754 175.10 67.24 Green B
755 179.38 104.92 Green B
756 177.01 68.02 Grey A
757 170.32 78.85 Grey B
758 159.39 84.16 Blue B
759 167.93 78.48 Green B
760 162.40 95.17 Grey A
761 175.10 73.96 Grey B
762 163.71 63.49 Green A
763 176.47 80.73 Grey A
764 167.26 84.24 Blue B
765 174.58 80.57 Blue A
766 174.39 61.00 Green B
767 166.91 54.62 Green B
768 175.41 92.91 Brown A
769 169.54 81.31 Blue B
770 175.35 92.47 Green B
771 174.85 87.65 Grey B
772 172.81 88.92 Brown B
773 179.29 60.55 Grey B
774 166.44 82.54 Brown B
775 165.05 64.80 Blue A
776 171.26 94.07 Green A
777 177.32 69.47 Grey A
778 157.29 74.51 Blue A
779 159.14 83.52 Green B
780 154.41 79.42 Grey A
781 156.98 98.62 Grey B
782 167.69 79.36 Green A
783 180.33 67.69 Blue A
784 168.11 70.81 Blue A
785 159.02 98.79 Grey A
786 175.47 84.90 Grey B
787 169.41 85.68 Grey A
788 162.29 92.28 Green B
789 167.28 85.81 Blue A
790 172.76 72.99 Green A
791 173.45 93.14 Green A
792 168.46 74.74 Brown B
793 149.78 84.24 Blue B
794 181.20 92.30 Green B
795 171.62 84.55 Green B
796 170.89 86.27 Brown B
797 168.26 80.32 Grey A
798 169.99 72.28 Grey A
799 168.63 108.15 Brown B
800 168.60 78.74 Blue B
801 170.42 76.48 Brown A
802 165.20 71.15 Green A
803 171.82 81.28 Brown A
804 165.29 93.53 Green B
805 162.78 64.72 Green A
806 172.40 75.66 Brown B
807 165.69 77.81 Grey A
808 169.81 81.95 Brown A
809 177.13 74.55 Blue A
810 167.44 77.71 Grey B
811 167.03 94.49 Green A
812 170.42 99.93 Grey B
813 163.91 76.48 Brown A
814 158.01 79.48 Brown A
815 173.04 76.78 Brown A
816 158.77 89.53 Green A
817 170.01 85.55 Blue B
818 168.31 85.75 Green B
819 166.09 61.67 Blue B
820 167.12 70.17 Brown A
821 174.70 83.25 Blue B
822 165.59 68.09 Brown B
823 159.72 79.48 Grey B
824 184.79 79.40 Grey B
825 159.86 85.62 Brown A
826 168.67 73.39 Grey B
827 171.72 82.02 Blue A
828 168.42 72.46 Brown A
829 170.10 80.43 Green B
830 168.60 89.45 Grey A
831 163.10 88.86 Blue A
832 165.51 78.36 Blue B
833 177.32 57.04 Brown A
834 168.84 80.49 Grey B
835 167.31 75.18 Grey B
836 184.65 71.84 Grey A
837 184.25 82.67 Green B
838 169.58 78.21 Green B
839 162.04 84.48 Brown B
840 163.50 82.07 Brown B
841 173.38 91.09 Brown A
842 168.28 75.67 Brown A
843 182.87 67.74 Grey A
844 172.70 85.16 Grey B
845 176.45 74.79 Grey A
846 171.52 89.29 Brown B
847 155.22 77.01 Brown A
848 173.25 68.11 Green A
849 162.93 60.49 Blue B
850 180.33 77.11 Grey A
851 170.46 79.12 Blue A
852 159.09 86.89 Grey B
853 158.95 69.67 Blue B
854 164.98 77.82 Blue B
855 172.61 78.40 Brown A
856 166.56 83.34 Brown A
857 150.38 93.63 Blue B
858 164.51 81.11 Blue A
859 161.85 90.85 Grey B
860 182.07 72.05 Green A
861 170.82 67.57 Blue B
862 165.36 84.68 Grey A
863 175.08 77.79 Green A
864 172.86 82.22 Blue B
865 160.73 73.31 Blue B
866 173.41 58.63 Blue A
867 167.39 81.96 Blue A
868 163.47 96.23 Brown B
869 163.52 50.32 Blue B
870 178.52 84.98 Grey A
871 180.18 74.66 Brown A
872 175.09 80.71 Brown B
873 162.27 71.16 Blue B
874 168.72 85.44 Grey A
875 171.79 72.05 Brown A
876 175.89 103.62 Brown A
877 167.89 57.36 Green A
878 161.33 74.99 Brown A
879 168.66 77.00 Grey A
880 166.33 69.17 Brown A
881 156.55 73.17 Blue B
882 182.40 84.92 Grey B
883 173.10 79.11 Blue B
884 178.99 97.79 Grey B
885 179.46 78.83 Brown A
886 179.43 79.53 Blue A
887 171.05 78.70 Brown B
888 176.69 70.78 Blue A
889 168.53 67.29 Brown B
890 170.50 54.45 Green A
891 170.13 70.69 Grey B
892 167.63 80.66 Green B
893 164.75 78.58 Blue A
894 174.95 60.80 Grey B
895 170.92 92.74 Brown A
896 181.51 88.03 Green B
897 174.22 87.25 Brown B
898 174.07 90.10 Grey B
899 174.78 86.38 Brown B
900 163.97 87.68 Grey A
901 161.42 72.55 Green A
902 172.99 87.27 Grey B
903 165.64 83.88 Brown B
904 164.43 99.51 Brown B
905 165.84 78.24 Brown A
906 173.80 71.03 Green B
907 170.17 71.09 Grey B
908 168.91 68.46 Grey B
909 173.09 81.76 Green B
910 175.59 82.02 Blue B
911 166.07 78.49 Brown A
912 177.37 60.77 Blue B
913 170.96 86.00 Brown B
914 160.81 77.39 Blue A
915 170.98 69.43 Blue B
916 171.56 60.83 Brown B
917 164.64 93.05 Blue B
918 172.37 69.29 Grey A
919 172.42 79.34 Grey B
920 168.79 99.81 Green B
921 176.64 73.95 Blue B
922 171.41 79.64 Brown B
923 181.01 82.14 Grey B
924 177.06 62.62 Green B
925 160.14 74.37 Grey B
926 175.54 71.18 Green B
927 168.68 88.03 Grey A
928 159.28 87.53 Green B
929 171.31 68.43 Blue B
930 174.00 77.44 Green A
931 167.69 85.48 Grey A
932 155.71 76.12 Blue A
933 170.24 78.56 Blue A
934 175.64 97.65 Brown A
935 174.35 93.05 Blue B
936 164.82 68.32 Blue A
937 167.56 84.10 Brown A
938 157.56 76.27 Brown A
939 167.43 74.74 Brown B
940 165.71 84.85 Grey A
941 172.13 87.73 Green A
942 172.56 79.45 Green B
943 177.62 97.48 Green A
944 176.95 70.24 Blue A
945 166.26 77.37 Brown B
946 172.41 92.43 Brown A
947 175.13 60.88 Brown B
948 166.48 73.79 Grey A
949 155.78 97.35 Grey B
950 181.88 76.85 Blue B
951 160.19 66.83 Grey B
952 177.53 83.32 Grey A
953 176.87 58.79 Green B
954 179.46 78.32 Green A
955 168.12 83.61 Brown A
956 159.18 78.39 Blue A
957 163.75 89.12 Grey B
958 162.71 81.30 Blue A
959 161.94 94.69 Blue B
960 179.39 76.33 Blue B
961 161.33 82.83 Brown A
962 170.47 71.46 Green A
963 170.03 75.15 Blue B
964 174.15 61.44 Grey B
965 169.76 67.19 Blue A
966 162.45 78.80 Blue A
967 167.96 72.14 Grey B
968 165.09 75.75 Brown B
969 158.46 77.35 Grey B
970 171.24 65.95 Green A
971 176.20 61.84 Green B
972 163.78 82.52 Blue B
973 171.58 96.73 Grey B
974 166.28 59.48 Brown B
975 162.29 66.91 Blue A
976 179.78 83.42 Green A
977 171.94 93.06 Blue B
978 158.52 80.26 Blue B
979 159.21 83.43 Brown B
980 173.46 75.21 Brown A
981 159.41 76.53 Blue A
982 170.41 80.99 Grey A
983 168.21 68.24 Blue A
984 173.28 87.56 Brown B
985 174.09 75.76 Green B
986 176.29 82.54 Grey B
987 169.71 84.99 Green A
988 158.96 89.16 Brown B
989 174.80 73.49 Green A
990 168.38 94.90 Brown A
991 169.58 74.63 Brown B
992 177.34 80.42 Brown A
993 164.21 77.35 Grey B
994 164.93 77.58 Brown B
995 168.30 85.94 Brown B
996 172.54 70.46 Grey B
997 172.06 79.95 Blue B
998 177.73 100.09 Green B
999 173.94 82.95 Green A
1000 159.43 82.15 Green B

Check how similar they are

Increasingly similar

In fact, if we did this many, many, many times, these groups would be, on average, increasingly identical!

Why?

  • Central limit theorem

  • Law of large numbers

Do international monitors deter election-day fraud?

Yes!

  • The international community monitored the 2003 Armenian Presidential elections
  • Monitors were assigned randomly to the polling stations
  • Hyde found a big average difference between the vote share received by the cheating party at monitored stations compared to non-monitored stations.